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‫Instructor: Hi.

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‫During this section we have learned a lot of Linux commands,

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‫and actually we are gonna learn a little bit more

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‫in this lecture and then we are okay.

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‫So before we go on,

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‫you have to make sure that you are learning Linux.

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‫You're not learning Kali Linux,

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‫you're not learning a version of Kali Linux,

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‫you're actually learning the Linux.

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‫You're learning the commands so that

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‫if you come across in any situation where

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‫you need to work with another version, another distribution,

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‫you would feel comfortable.

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‫Of course you are not comfortable at this point

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‫but you will be after the end of this course.

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‫Okay, so let's see A little bit more commands.

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‫Right now, you know the ls, right?

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‫It lists the available files and folders,

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‫but what you don't know is the ls -la like this, okay?

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‫Ls -la.

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‫So if you do that rather than ls

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‫it lists all the hidden files

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‫and folders along with more detailed view as well.

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‫So for example over here we have all the lines and inside

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‫of the documents I believe we don't have any kind

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‫of like hidden files and folders but if it were

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‫we would've seen them over here.

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‫The first column is not exactly as important right now

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‫but you can see the kali,

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‫the user that has created this file,

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‫and also the group

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‫and also the bytes of the file and the data of the file.

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‫So the first column represents the permissions.

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‫Who has the read and write permissions, okay?

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‫We cannot see that in ls and also we again,

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‫don't forget that we can see the hidden files and folders

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‫which is one of the main reasons why we may want

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‫to use ls -la.

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‫Let's go to the second comment

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‫which is ifconfig in which we can see the IP details

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‫the local private IP details of the computer

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‫that we are working with.

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‫This is not our public IP address, okay?

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‫And we're gonna see the difference

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‫between public IP and private IP

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‫or local IP addresses in the upcoming lectures.

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‫But you need to know that you can actually execute

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‫ifconfig and find your IP address.

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‫In this case I have 10.0.2.15

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‫and I have this net mask address and broadcast addresses.

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‫So we are gonna learn about those in the upcoming lectures

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‫but right now make sure that you know how to

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‫get your IP address by running ifconfig,

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‫and also one of the most important things

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‫that we should learn is how to change the password, right?

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‫Because you know, Root and TorKali, Kali,

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‫they're all very bad passwords

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‫and everybody knows them, right?

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‫Even if you're using Kali

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‫as a like a virtual machine

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‫I believe you should actually change the password

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‫of it in order to make it more secure.

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‫So what we can do,

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‫we can change the password of the Kali user,

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‫or if you're using the custom

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‫OVA custom Kali Linux for this course

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‫you can change the password of the root user as well.

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‫So I'm gonna show it with the Kali.

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‫It's exactly the same command.

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‫The command is very easy.

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‫It's just passwd, okay?

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‫So once you do that

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‫it will ask you for your old and new password.

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‫But I would actually keep that in mind

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‫that if you are not using an English keyboard

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‫like if you're using an Indian keyboard for example

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‫when you write that,

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‫make sure that you don't use any special characters.

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‫So what do I mean by that?

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‫It asks me for current password, right?

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‫So I'm just gonna give it and hit enter,

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‫It won't show up in here for security reasons

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‫but for the new password

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‫if you give something like a special character

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‫then it would not be recognized when you log in

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‫before you wouldn't have changed your keyboard by them.

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‫So make sure you give like a simple, not simple password,

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‫but simple letters and stuff over here

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‫if you're not certain that your keyboard is going to work.

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‫I know it's not a good password advice to have

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‫like a password without special characters

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‫but it's just the way it is.

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‫Make sure you know your password and you can log in.

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‫Otherwise you would be had to just delete it

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‫and install it one more time.

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‫So here you go.

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‫Now I have typed my new password two times and hit enter.

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‫Again,

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‫the passwords do not show up for security reasons

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‫but it actually writes them.

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‫So make sure you write your password and hit enter.

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‫So of course if you want

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‫you can make it as complicated as you want but again

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‫make sure that your keyboard is actually working

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‫while you are logging in the Kali Linux.

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‫That's how you change your password.

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‫So if you change your password,

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‫if you have learned

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‫all this Linux stuff during this section then it's okay,

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‫that it's great.

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‫Of course there are lots to learn,

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‫but I believe we

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‫shouldn't turn this into kind of a Linux course.

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‫So since we are learning cyber security,

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‫since we are learning ethical hacking,

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‫we will have much

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‫more opportunity to actually exercise these commands.

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‫So we will continue to learn during this course

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‫in the upcoming sections anyway.

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‫Maybe for the last thing

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‫I can show you the up arrow things.

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‫So if you write any command okay,

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‫inside of the terminal

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‫if you write any comment and hit enter and execute it

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‫then you can reach the same command

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‫by hitting on the up arrow on your keyboard, okay?

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‫It shows you the latest command and if you just hit it again

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‫you will see the history.

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‫Like I'm just gonna run clear and if I hit

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‫as you can see, I see the clear, I see the ifconfig.

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‫So this trick as well, you can use this as many as you want.

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‫Don't forget you can't do tab for auto completion as

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‫well like this.

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‫So this will just increase your speed when you

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‫work with terminal. Okay so we're gonna stop here,

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‫and continue within the next section.