‫Instructor: Hi.
‫During this section we have learned a lot of Linux commands,
‫and actually we are gonna learn a little bit more
‫in this lecture and then we are okay.
‫So before we go on,
‫you have to make sure that you are learning Linux.
‫You're not learning Kali Linux,
‫you're not learning a version of Kali Linux,
‫you're actually learning the Linux.
‫You're learning the commands so that
‫if you come across in any situation where
‫you need to work with another version, another distribution,
‫you would feel comfortable.
‫Of course you are not comfortable at this point
‫but you will be after the end of this course.
‫Okay, so let's see A little bit more commands.
‫Right now, you know the ls, right?
‫It lists the available files and folders,
‫but what you don't know is the ls -la like this, okay?
‫Ls -la.
‫So if you do that rather than ls
‫it lists all the hidden files
‫and folders along with more detailed view as well.
‫So for example over here we have all the lines and inside
‫of the documents I believe we don't have any kind
‫of like hidden files and folders but if it were
‫we would've seen them over here.
‫The first column is not exactly as important right now
‫but you can see the kali,
‫the user that has created this file,
‫and also the group
‫and also the bytes of the file and the data of the file.
‫So the first column represents the permissions.
‫Who has the read and write permissions, okay?
‫We cannot see that in ls and also we again,
‫don't forget that we can see the hidden files and folders
‫which is one of the main reasons why we may want
‫to use ls -la.
‫Let's go to the second comment
‫which is ifconfig in which we can see the IP details
‫the local private IP details of the computer
‫that we are working with.
‫This is not our public IP address, okay?
‫And we're gonna see the difference
‫between public IP and private IP
‫or local IP addresses in the upcoming lectures.
‫But you need to know that you can actually execute
‫ifconfig and find your IP address.
‫In this case I have 10.0.2.15
‫and I have this net mask address and broadcast addresses.
‫So we are gonna learn about those in the upcoming lectures
‫but right now make sure that you know how to
‫get your IP address by running ifconfig,
‫and also one of the most important things
‫that we should learn is how to change the password, right?
‫Because you know, Root and TorKali, Kali,
‫they're all very bad passwords
‫and everybody knows them, right?
‫Even if you're using Kali
‫as a like a virtual machine
‫I believe you should actually change the password
‫of it in order to make it more secure.
‫So what we can do,
‫we can change the password of the Kali user,
‫or if you're using the custom
‫OVA custom Kali Linux for this course
‫you can change the password of the root user as well.
‫So I'm gonna show it with the Kali.
‫It's exactly the same command.
‫The command is very easy.
‫It's just passwd, okay?
‫So once you do that
‫it will ask you for your old and new password.
‫But I would actually keep that in mind
‫that if you are not using an English keyboard
‫like if you're using an Indian keyboard for example
‫when you write that,
‫make sure that you don't use any special characters.
‫So what do I mean by that?
‫It asks me for current password, right?
‫So I'm just gonna give it and hit enter,
‫It won't show up in here for security reasons
‫but for the new password
‫if you give something like a special character
‫then it would not be recognized when you log in
‫before you wouldn't have changed your keyboard by them.
‫So make sure you give like a simple, not simple password,
‫but simple letters and stuff over here
‫if you're not certain that your keyboard is going to work.
‫I know it's not a good password advice to have
‫like a password without special characters
‫but it's just the way it is.
‫Make sure you know your password and you can log in.
‫Otherwise you would be had to just delete it
‫and install it one more time.
‫So here you go.
‫Now I have typed my new password two times and hit enter.
‫Again,
‫the passwords do not show up for security reasons
‫but it actually writes them.
‫So make sure you write your password and hit enter.
‫So of course if you want
‫you can make it as complicated as you want but again
‫make sure that your keyboard is actually working
‫while you are logging in the Kali Linux.
‫That's how you change your password.
‫So if you change your password,
‫if you have learned
‫all this Linux stuff during this section then it's okay,
‫that it's great.
‫Of course there are lots to learn,
‫but I believe we
‫shouldn't turn this into kind of a Linux course.
‫So since we are learning cyber security,
‫since we are learning ethical hacking,
‫we will have much
‫more opportunity to actually exercise these commands.
‫So we will continue to learn during this course
‫in the upcoming sections anyway.
‫Maybe for the last thing
‫I can show you the up arrow things.
‫So if you write any command okay,
‫inside of the terminal
‫if you write any comment and hit enter and execute it
‫then you can reach the same command
‫by hitting on the up arrow on your keyboard, okay?
‫It shows you the latest command and if you just hit it again
‫you will see the history.
‫Like I'm just gonna run clear and if I hit
‫as you can see, I see the clear, I see the ifconfig.
‫So this trick as well, you can use this as many as you want.
‫Don't forget you can't do tab for auto completion as
‫well like this.
‫So this will just increase your speed when you
‫work with terminal. Okay so we're gonna stop here,
‫and continue within the next section.