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Hey guys welcome back.

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So this time I'm going to open my project for using Visual Studios interface.

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So I open Visual Studio and then to the left they're showing me all of the recent projects that I have

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done so I'm just going to select this my project from the list.

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I can also pin it because maybe you know I have a bunch of projects working on and I want this one to

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be at the top always so I can just print it and then I can just go ahead and click it and open it and

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then Visual Studio will launch with my projects.

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So Visual Studio is putting us right back where we left off which is when we were doing that input output

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program.

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But this time we're going to be looking at some data types so I'm going to create a new project.

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So that the solution go to

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ad and then select new project

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and then when the console comes up the dialog box comes up.

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I just select console Dalton core and then click next and then this time the project name that I want

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is variables and data types.

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So variables and data types and then I click Create.

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Now I did say that C Shabaab boasts a wide collection of data types.

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There are simple data types and there are user defined data types so that the basic ones that you have

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with all those the simple data types which are like the string and you know four numbers and so on now

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we're going to go through some of them.

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That being said there are a lot so I'm not going to go through every single one.

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And along the way we may end up using one or a few that we didn't cover in this video.

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So I'll go through the basic ones that you definitely need to know.

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But as we go along you will see others that contextually you may need.

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I also want to point out that C sharp is what you call a strongly typed language.

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So that means that if you are going to declare a variable that should hold text then it's going to treat

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it like text.

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So even if I put one as in the numeral one instead of a text variable it won't treat it like a number

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to do math with it.

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So you have to choose your data that was very carefully based on what operation you want to carry out.

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So let's start off.

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So we did see string.

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So let me say variable declarations and type someone to use this section just define some variables

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and we can look at what they are.

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So one string.

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So we went through a string pretty string and I'm going to say name then maybe you will want to collect

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the age also.

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No.

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Are we going to store somebodies age as string.

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Or are we going to store their age as maybe a number.

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Because if I tell you I'm 10 years older than you.

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Then you want to do some math to see okay as a 10 year old.

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This is mathematically whole you're going to be X Y Z or something like that.

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You know you may want to do a mathematical operation.

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You cannot use a string variable for math so you want to use what you call an INT.

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So into short for integer and that one an integer is basically a number that doesn't have any decimal

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places.

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So if you put a decimal number inside edge like you say they are twenty two point five years old because

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an int is going to ignore the point five.

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You do have other variables that call it that so I could probably make one that's a salary so I could

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say double salary.

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So double will take a decimal point.

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All right.

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You also have another data type called float that does this small points but then based on the number

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of decimal places you know that that's where there really difference the number of decimal places on

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the precision that is a load.

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In simpler terms you know you may have like a value like Pi which we all know as a decimal is three

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point one for something something something something something double.

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I'm floored me.

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End of story and different values because one will be more precise than the other.

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You also have what you call a char so a char is short for a character and a char variable is usually

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used for a single is not usually used.

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It is used.

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Sorry for a single character so case study or a case for that would be like gender.

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Right.

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So charge under you're either m or f.

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Another very popular basic data type that we would see is boolean.

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So we have bool and then I went to use this one to see it working.

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So bool means yes or no.

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It's either true or false.

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It is either one or zero.

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There is no other value that can go in said a bool but true or false.

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So let's recap real quickly.

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So we have string name so string takes takes the takes.

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Anything that is it can take any alphanumeric and character combination is just going to receive something

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and then print it back.

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You can't do any math on the numbers you put in there.

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You'll have to do conversions and it while it's relatively easy to do conversions I just recommend that

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you use the right variable when you need it for a certain thing.

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So if you have a string it's clearly not to do any math.

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If we have an integer it's because we want a number and we're not expecting decimal places.

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If we have a double that means we can get a number and we might have decimal places.

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We have char because we're expecting one character.

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This one character can be of any first equation meaning can be a letter a number a special character

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but it's only going to be 1 so you can put your name inside of a char.

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All right.

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So for this example we're going to accept M or F for gender and then we have the boolean right which

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can only be true or false.

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Now we just wrapped up a session of both prompting users for input so what I'm want to do is from them

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for their name their age their salary their gender and if they're working or not.

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So I'm just going to do about two of them and then I'm going to allow you to try and do the rest.

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So I want to say console dot and then remember we have to print to the screen.

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Hey I'm asking you for this data right here and someone to use right.

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And then you will see the difference in the problems when I use right instead of right line.

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But then I'm prompting this time for a name someone to say enter your name colon.

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And then after that I'm going to say a name should get b get the value from the consul's.

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The name is no equal to console dot read line and open and close burning the seats.

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That's the name prompt.

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Right.

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No.

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To expedite this process I can just copy if I want I can just copy those two lines go down and paste

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and then I just change all the text so I asked for a name.

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This time I want age and then the pattern is the same.

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All I have to say is age is equal to console dot redesign.

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No notice I'm getting an arrow and I'm asking for that age all right.

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And then that's where r conversions come into play.

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So I did say that this is variable data type and conversions right.

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So in this situation it is seeing that there is an error cannot implicitly convert type String to int

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No.

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This didn't receive that arrow because console dot read line is getting some keyboard input from the

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console which it is transporting to the variable in the form of a string.

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So in this situation I did say that it strongly type sitcom com puts a word inside of a variable that

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is expecting a number.

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So this number variable is expecting a number to be input but the mechanism we're using to get the data

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is transporting a string.

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So that's a problem right.

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So no we have to run what we call a conversion where we accept the string converted to it and all of

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that before it gets into the variable.

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So what I'm going to do is erase this and I'm going to rewrite this line step by step.

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So C sharp gives us tools to convert and literally they give us a class called convert.

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So we can write the word convert and then see a dot and then we have a number of conversions available

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to us.

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We can convert it thirty in to double to date time all sorts of things.

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So I want to int thirty two and then I open.

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So this is a function right.

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And we do in all functions is because they have open and close parentheses.

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Then inside of this function because notice is still as I red line it saying that it expects some value.

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All right.

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So no I need to tell it what exactly I want to convert and what I want to convert is the input coming

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from the console.

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So I'm going to call the console that read line when it gets there it's going to prompt the user is

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going to pause get the input when the user presses enter.

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So remember that this pauses for input until it sees enter.

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Once the person presses enter it's then going to convert it to int or 32 bit signed into Joe.

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All right so just does a fine so they'll see and puts it in an integer and you did see it too.

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You did see two thirty two in thirty two and two into sixteen.

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Anyway I've seen on the numbers.

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The fact is the larger the number is the more bits required.

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Right.

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So two thirty two is pretty much standard.

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We can leave it with thirty two and then once it is converted then it is assigned to our age variable.

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I notice all is well in the universe.

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There are no more errors so I'm going to do the rest and I'm not going to do any conversions just yet.

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I'm going to pause here and I'm words I love you to try and write the problems for each of the other

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three variables and then we can look at the potential arrows together.

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All right.

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The rest of my problems and I change that takes accordingly.

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Enter celery enter your gender and then for the one with working I kind of change the verbiage because

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once again you want to tell the user what kind of data you're expecting from them so you don't want

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to leave it up to them to infer what they should be putting in.

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So I said Are you working.

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True or false sense yes but true wrongly so true or false.

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So we're expecting them to enter the word true or the word false but more importantly notice how many

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errors we have and the same reason that we had the error for it.

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It is the same reason we're having these errors because consulate read line is returning a string but

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the string cannot be put into a double.

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Just like that kind of input into a char does that.

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And it can't be put into a boolean just like that.

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And as I said Char I noticed that I did not explicitly tell them that I'm expecting a more f so if the

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person enters the word male or the word female then that will cause a problem because this is only expecting

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one character the one letter one one not a word.

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Right.

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So I'm going to be a bit more explicit with this prompt and I'm going to say m or f all right.

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So with all of that done no let's fix these conversion issues so it's the same thing we just have to

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see convert dots to double and there we have to double and then what are we converting work on inverting

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console dot redesign.

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So I opened the parentheses here.

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I need to make sure I close it.

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So this is a common error or open it's maybe we'll get up and go and get coffee and come back and then

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we look at it's one time I always say oh it's cool is because there's a close one but we're not paying

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attention right so it's always good to open and close in the seam sweep and then you can get distracted

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afterwards.

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That was spare a lot of heartache.

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So there we go.

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Bubble is sorry a seller is expecting a double.

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So we're getting the input from the console which is going us takes converting it to double.

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So whether or not it does this some other places it will treat it like it does and then it will put

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it in a W for char we have convert not to Cha.

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So you have a convert for almost every single data type that is in C sharp right.

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So you have quite a few data types.

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I have quite a few ways to convert them and I hope by now you realize that.

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Well I did see key symmetries when we were creating our projects.

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Well in the language itself keys does matter because if I write convert as a with a capital C that will

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never work because it doesn't know what converts with a common C sorry if I write convert with a common

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c it doesn't know what that is.

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So it only detects when I adhere to the strict rules and use my uppercase C for convert not console

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convert and then I say dot and then I have to boolean as an option and then I open parentheses and then

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I make sure to close my for and this is.

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And there we have our functions or our code our problems taking data and storing them into the different

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variables.

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No once I've done all of that I want to print this person's profile back to the screen so I'm going

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to do a little difference here with my printing to screen and we're going to call this concatenation.

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So this is the process of joining strings together.

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So earlier I would have had one console write that printed the static string and then another one to

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print the variable.

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This time I just want to write one console out right and I'm printing both the static String seeing

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your name is called on and then I'm putting the variable inside of that.

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So it gets printed automatically right.

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So there are many ways to do it.

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I'm to show you.

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Maybe the easiest way right now and as we go along I'll probably do it the other way so that we can

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get up and running.

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Actually I think we have enough data to print to look at all of the concatenation techniques so I'm

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just going to go through all of them.

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So I'm just going to write the first one.

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Sorry to print the name someone to C console.

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That's right open parentheses and I'll just put my semicolon there seemed fine.

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Everybody codes differently.

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I just like doing it at the same time.

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And then I went to say your name is colon.

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And then I can use a plus sign.

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So we all know that the plus sign is used in math right.

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Well when we're talking about strings and printing sentences or printing to the screen we can use the

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plus sign to say I want to add this block of text to whatever other block of the second of as many blocks

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of text as I want and plus signs in between.

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All right I can do that but in this situation what I want to add to this static block of text is the

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value that is inside names so I'm just going to say your name is static text plus name.

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So this is concatenation.

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So this will print one line seeing your name is.

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And whatever value was collected from the user at the time of input.

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All right.

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So I can just duplicate this or what.

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No.

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Let me write another one.

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So console not write and then this time I want to print your age so your age is cool on and then the

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next way I can concatenate is to use like placeholders and kind of have an array of variables to match

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these place holders.

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So I mean let me just demonstrate here.

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So I'm going to open curly brace use a placeholder and that's 0 and then is fairly obvious and then

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what is going to say is I know I'm need to print your name is and then I'm going to print this static

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text but then this as I said is acting as a placeholder so I need to define something that should be

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put into this space holder and what I do is after the block of text I press comma.

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And then I can insert a variable so the variable that I want to be inserted into the place holder is

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age all right.

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And then I'm going to print the salary to the screen so same treatments console.

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But right and then this time I'm going to do what we'll call interpolation.

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All right so this one I'm going to start off with a dollar sign at the start of the string so it's a

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dollar sign.

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Open and close quotation marks and then I want to see a dollar sign your salary is on and then interpolation

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allows me to just use open those braces and write the variable name right there inside of the static

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string so it is summary so I have one static string I just have to make sure I have the dollar sign

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it goes without the dollar sign then it will look more like the place or the code.

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All right.

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And that would not be desirable.

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So with the dollar sign instead of using a placeholder I'm just opening the curly brace and putting

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the variable itself inside of my contiguous string contiguous means continuous right.

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So all of this string is just one block and we have our variable being rendered inside of that.

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So the reason I'm showing all of these I can guarantee you this one will work.

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And this one will definitely work the based on the version of dot net framework that you're using and

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that influences the version of C sharp that you are using.

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You may or may not have access to the interpolation.

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Right.

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So as I said there are many ways to do it and it's good to understand and appreciate whole.

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But I can guarantee you if these two don't work this one definitely will.

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And if this one works this one definitely will.

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So you can pick you're about to pick whichever one you like the most and even more specifically whichever

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one actually works in your context some way to proceed with the simple one that I know works universally.

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And then I'm just going to make sure that I print the other two variables so this one says your gender

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is and then I'm printing gender and then the next one is are you working.

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Are you employed you are employed and we expect to see true or false.

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So then working all right now all of this is going to print what does one big block of text it's going

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to look disgusting on the screen which I'll show you why.

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So let's test it out.

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So my start project needs to be set of variables and data types so I write variables and data types

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set a start up project and then go ahead and start.

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All right so let's take our program for a test drive someone to say a test user is my name.

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I'm 22 years old.

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My salary is two thousand five hundred point thirty.

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Press enter my gender is m enter and my walk working.

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True I'm working.

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And then when I press enter you see that okay we just get one long line everything in one line those

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spaces.

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It's very difficult to read and that's because we wrote with console the right and not console right

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line.

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Right.

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So that's why we have to be very careful when we're using console rights and console that right line.

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So I'm just going to change this OS to console the right line and I can just copy and paste and do that

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mass replacement and then let's just run again and see how the old looks.

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So we start off with our name and then once the city's female user her age is 23 her salary is five

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thousand point four.

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It's our five thousand five hundred.

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Gender is F and then but then she's going to be unemployed.

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So working is falls.

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And then when we do that no we see the brindle looking much better.

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We have a line per bit of information or just we have our static text and then it is printing buck the

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value.

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All right.

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So the conversion was almost it really old and needed to be one way because noticed that a console is

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printing back the values we didn't have to convert from Char to string and we didn't have to do that

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to concatenate onto the string right.

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So it's strict in some aspects and it's flexible in some.

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So once again when we're collecting this string from the console we have to convert it into whatever

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e to type the variable that is receiving the data is all right.

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So to do int conversion to stored int w to store the W et cetera et cetera but then we were printing

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back to screen we didn't have to convert from that data type string to get it was attached to our string

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right.

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So everything when it's printing all day it will just contextually say OK yes I know this is a boolean

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but let me just print it.