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In this video we'll be looking at string manipulation in C sharp.

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I've already created my project and the name of the project is string manipulation so you may pause

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the video here and create your console application project.

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Call it string manipulation and then we can pick up from there.

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Now today we just want to focus on some of the tips and tricks and quick ways to process strings in

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C sharp no strings are an essential part of any programming language they represent.

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Well I would say 90 percent of the content that would be passing through your application everything

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that is input into your program through the use of a keyboard pretty much comes in as a string.

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And it is important to understand the tools that C Sharp has available to us.

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Now I've started off by declaring a string variable and I'm calling it full name and I have a sentence

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here.

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My name is and I have a spelling error is Trevor Williams.

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Now we've been doing this for a while now and if not then that's fine to print to screen.

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We say console which is a static class given to us by C sharp and then we have the function instead

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of that static class called the right line and then we specify the string to be printed.

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No this string can be something that we're going to type specifically and F string always comes inside

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quotation marks or it can be the contents of a variable that is of type String so full name is off type

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string.

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And of course you have to make sure we get our cases properly and then this will print the contents

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of our variable.

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So the console lets us test how that works.

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So I'm went to change my start up project string manipulation and start.

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And there we go.

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Hi my name is Trevor Williams.

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So our consulate the red line printed the contents of our variable to our console.

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Now let's move on to concatenation.

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Now I just declared two more variables one called First Name one called last name and then I would like

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to print out one contiguous block of string contiguous is another way of seeing continue was and that

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string should have my name is and then have the first name and the last name.

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So concatenation is the technique by which we join the contents of strings together.

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So I'm going to console dot right line and then I'm going to put in some static string and then this

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is going to say my full name is.

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So when we say static string that means that unless we come into our code and make an adjustment here

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this will never change.

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However variables are easier to change because then we can use them to collect user inputs and its contents

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would be defined based on what is being assigned to it.

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However there are times when we want to dynamically print what's in a variable alongside something that

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is static so concatenation allows us to join static text onto variable text or variable takes until

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variable takes or even a static text on a static text.

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The underlying principle is that there are all strings.

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Now there are a few ways to concatenate and the first one that I would want to show you is by using

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a curly brace and then we're going to close.

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So we have curly brace zero and then curly brace and that and when to put the space car to brace one

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current a brace no in effect.

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These are what you call place holders and they start counting from zero.

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So as many placeholders as you have or you're going to create as many playschool as for as many variables

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as you'd like to concatenate into the static string and you start counting from zero 0 zero will be

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the first one then one the second and the third one would be two.

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But then we only have two variables.

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So it's zero and one first name and last name not the space is also important because it will print

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but the string exactly how it is formatted inside of the quotation marks.

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So after placing our place holders there we have to come out of the string and press comma and then

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we put in the variables in the very order to match the place holders as intended.

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So I want to say my full name is first name and last name.

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So that means I need to put the variable that has the content for the first name followed by the variable

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that has the content for the last name.

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And then this can happen for as many strings as we have so many as many string variables as we have.

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Another way to concatenate and I'll just duplicate this nine I just rewrite it.

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So console the right line and rewrite our sentence my full name is and then I can use the plus sign.

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So I would write my full name is as my static text press the plus sign and there's a first name and

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then a plus sign and then because I would want to add a space between the first name and the last name

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values I would have to put another block of string for space and then close up block of string and then

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plus sign.

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And then last name.

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So essentially I'm doing like string mathematics I'm just adding as many strings as I need to to join

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them.

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And then all of this will be printed out in one continuous line.

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So I'm want to get the static text my full name is with that space see that space between the colon

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and the end quotation mark.

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Then I add the first name and then I have to add another space and then I'm adding the last name the

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third way to concatenate after writing console.

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Right.

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Line is by doing what we call interpolation.

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So in this instance we actually start off our string with a dollar sign then we open quotation marks

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and then this allows us to use a curly brace and input our variable directly inside of the quotation

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marks.

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So then I can see my full name is space and then just inject the first name have a space and then inject

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last name.

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All of this still inside of the quotation marks.

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Now let's test all three of these and see that they work the same way there we go.

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Three different techniques.

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Same sentence my full name is Trevor or Williams.

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Notice the species are all there and once again it all depends on how you format your text in the static

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parts.

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Now let's move on to counting the length of four string.

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If I wanted to know how many letters were in my first name then I would need to find the cones off the

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contents so remember that I'm putting it in a variable and if we were allowing the user to enter content

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into this variable I would not know at any point what the value of first name is however I do want to

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know.

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I wanted to probably build a program that allowed people to just type in their name and then tell them

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your name is X characters long.

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So to find the length of a string I would need firstly an integer variable and I'm just gonna call this

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int length because I need somewhere to store the length value that I wouldn't just call the string variable

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by its name.

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So first name then I can see a dot and then I go to the function or property or other length.

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So the difference between our function on a property is that you may call functions using the power

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indices but then there are times when you have to use the dot operator and when we get into the explanation

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of object oriented programming then explain that dot operator a bit more.

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But once we see some variable some string variable and then we see a doctor and I just remove the links

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and then we control space we can see that we have a host of properties shown by the wrench and function

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shown by the cube.

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So if I see a dot length it is no getting back the length of whatever string or whatever value this

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string variable has.

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So I'm winter on this program and I believe my name is seven characters long so I'm going to put that

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theory to the test.

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I did that prematurely I did not put the console dot right line so console dot right line and we're

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writing the value of the variable length and there we go.

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So my name is indeed seven characters long.

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Please not that space is also code as values.

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So if I phoned the length of full name and I'll just duplicate these two lines and then do another print.

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But this time I'm going to say I want the length of full name and let me just ceiling one some printing

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bringing the value of length one this time and then I'm going to see what but at that use then my sentence

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that is in the variable full name is actually thirty one characters long because each I comma space

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that's four characters and then all of them add up so everything that is between the quotation marks

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will be counted in the calculation of the length C sharp makes it easy for us to replace the contents

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are parts of us true but I'm going to explain what I mean by that.

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So 1 once a string is cleared then you cannot just run the function and change the value of the string

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you have to put an operation like a replacement instead of another variable and then you may use that

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variable.

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So I'm going to have to declare a new variable string new name and then I'm going to make it equal to

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the first name not replace and then replace function takes two characters it takes the old char and

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the new charter old char meaning what letter R character or symbol whatever it is that is in the string

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that I want to remove.

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What did to what is it.

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So I want to replace the letter T.

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And then I see a comma.

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I notice that the char has a single quotation marks.

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So char is not double quotation marks like string but it's a single quotation marks.

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And then we are replacing the T with let's say a kid.

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I've never seen my name but like that or any variation of my name that starts with a K.

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But the new name is going to be first name not replace any t with the letter K and then let's just write

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that to the console and then see the output of that operation.

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All right.

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There we go.

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So it looked instead of my name on it phoned the T and replaced it with a key.

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Now let's try one with some more letters so let's say I wanted to replace all the i's in Williams with

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O's someone to just repeat this operation down below.

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And then this said I'm doing it on last name.

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So last name to replace and I'm replacing I with O and then I'm doing new name one and I'm printing

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you name one to the console and let's see what happens.

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All right.

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So every instance often I got replaced by the new char which is all like I said this can be with any

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character say if I wanted to replace the i's with an add sign or a hashtag or a number whatever it is

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as long as it can fit in between these quotation marks and it's just one output.

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If I put 12 let's see what happens if I put twelve then I'm getting an error seeing too many characters

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in character literal.

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So once again our character is only singular.

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All right so it's either going to be empty or half it's going to be even if it's empty.

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I wanted a space I have to put that space but I can't have it with no content or with more than one

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characters are.

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So I'll leave that out us all.

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Now let's move on to comparing strings from time to time.

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We probably will want to compare some thing that is entered maybe by user and it's stored in a variable

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with some string that we know and expect.

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So we want to do a computer or we want to compare two bits of input like maybe when somebody types in

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a password the first time and then day after retype it the second time you want to compare the two just

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to make sure that they type the same thing both times.

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No you can always use an if statement.

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We went through if statements or you can say if and I want to use two variables that they have you're

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already first name last name so what if I wanted to compare and see if the first name and last name

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had the same values.

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So I can always say if first name is equivalent to last name so that's an easy way to compare them.

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So of course we can see if they are equal and we see a console dot right line.

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You have the same name for first and last.

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All right.

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So telling them that okay you have the same name for first and last else and then I'm going to see you

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have a different name for first and last so there's always that option of the if else that's.

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That's perfectly fine.

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But then sometimes this might be kind of accurate.

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So then sometimes you want to say something like string and that's kept up a string and you can actually

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read come on a string.

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The the C Sharp will see them interchangeably and then you have an option that says compare so you can

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see a string dot compare and then you pass in the strings that you want to compare string a and string

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B so string a would be first name and that is the one that you want to compare with last name.

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So you see there are many ways to do the same operation but then this one is kind of OK.

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It's straightforward it's going to see if they are equivalent.

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Then do this as do that.

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This is going to return an integer.

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So I'll have to store it the return value inside of a variable.

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So I went to see it result is equal to string and compare first name common last name and then I'm going

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to have to do an if statement our own results.

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So you can have three potential results from this operation and it can either be equal to zero.

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It can be our one or negative one when it is zero.

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That means that the two strings are equal.

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All right.

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So when it's a zero when this operation string compare with two strings returns a zero.

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So I can see if result is equivalent to zero then it would evaluate the same thing as first name being

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equal to last name.

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Then I can print you have the same first name and last name.

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Right.

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And then I can see else also.

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Because then if it's a one or a negative one those simply mean that they're not equal.

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But then when it's one it means that the first string is probably bigger or has more characters on the

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second string.

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All right.

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So when it's I want it just means that OK the first string is longer than the second string.

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I wouldn't think it's one is the other way our own.

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But the essential thing to note is that if you do this approach then results should be equivalent to

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zero to certify that the two strings are the same.

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All right.

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So these are two ways that you can compare strings.

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You can use whichever one is appropriate you at the time no.

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Previously when you were looking at input and output programs you would see where when you're receiving

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a number or you intend to receive something to store into a numeric variable or some variable that is

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not already a string that you had to convert from the string to that data type.

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Well sometimes you will need to do the reverse.

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So you would have seen that in concatenation earlier that you can actually concatenate your string with

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almost any data type on it would accept it.

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But there are times when you need to convert to string.

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So converting to string is really easy though.

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So I have an integer variable here already so I'm just going to reuse this variable and naughty if you

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have a variable already and you want to change the value you don't have to specify the data type again.

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I can just see a result is equal to zero right here to force it to that are one two three four five

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six seven eight nine.

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All right.

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I notice s plus signs.

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So I'm going to have to remove those.

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Sorry.

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All right.

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No spaces so no I have a result which is an integer being equal to a value of one two three four five

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seven eight nine.

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That's one big integer result.

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Now if I wanted to sort this in a string I wanted to a string big number is equal to and then I wanted

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it to have the contents of result.

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Then I will get an arrow simply because it's going to say I cannot convert or implicitly convert an

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integer into a string which is fine.

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That's fair.

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So remember that integers are used for math pretty much.

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I wanted to string you won't be doing that kind of math.

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So if I wanted to convert my integer into maybe a string for whatever reason I can just look at the

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variable that I intend to convert and see Dot I then there's a magical function that's is so strong.

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So I just see results dot the string and then it will convert that into a string and then once it's

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a string.

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It is a less hassle to concatenate because there's not every student on that is going to be so forgiving

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that you can just plug it into a sentence and it won't throw an arrow.

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All right.

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So there are times when you will want to do a conversion.

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So I'm just going to print my bank account my bank balance is big number.

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All right so my bank balance is big number.

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And then that will just print out that sentence with this newly created string.

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Now once again once it's a string even though the content looks numeric I cannot go ahead and perform

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an operation that says int total maybe I got a one dollar payment today.

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So I want to add that one dollar so I to say one plus and then I can just say one plus big number

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all right.

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That would throw an error because I'm trying to do arithmetic here where I'm adding the number one to

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something that isn't all a string.

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I cannot do that so I will have to of course just keep it into integer in nature.

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And then if I need toto to be a string afterwards then I can convert my seem to string.

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No I mean this example with numbers.

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But then this is not you need two numbers you can convert char to string you can convert double its

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a string you can convert almost anything to string.

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There are restrictions on maybe arrays and other collection types.

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But the fact is once you see this operation or if you want to know if you have that operation available

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to you you can just type your variable out and then use your dot operator and then you can just see

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if it is listed there for you in intelligence.

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All right.

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So I'm just going to run this program and then we're going to look at all of our examples printing to

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screen.

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All right so just a quick run through we've printed our first sentence which was phoned in the full

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name The invariable we looked at the three different types of concatenation one with the place holders

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one with plus signs and one with interpolation.

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We phoned the length of our first name variable value as well as the length of a sentence.

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We did a string replace on all Ts in my name and all I's in my surname.

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And then we did a string comparison where both results would have had the fact that it's a different

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name for first and last.

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After comparing the first name value with the last name value.

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And then we did a string conversion for our variable for integer variable that represents our account

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balance.

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In closing this list I'm just going to see that this is just the touch off the surface C sharp string

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manipulation capabilities are very extensive and it would require a much longer explanation and video

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to actually go through every single thing that it is capable of.

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But that being said I encourage you to experiment and just type all its creates a string variable and

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then just use a dot operator to see all of the other functions that are available to you.

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So you can just have your dot your variable sorry first name and then you see a dot and then everything

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that is here you see the visual studio sorry has an explanation as to what it is for.

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All right so I encourage you to just go ahead and experiment.

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Just type a sentence and or on each one of these and print to the console and see what the outcome is.