WEBVTT 00:00.600 --> 00:06.780 There's a lot of pretty basic questions on the exam that cover information that well in my opinion if 00:06.780 --> 00:12.990 your at this level of study you should know everything I'm about to talk about but for completeness 00:12.990 --> 00:16.490 and because they are listed as objectives let's go ahead and go through these. 00:16.500 --> 00:19.590 First of all what I want to talk about is IP address. 00:19.620 --> 00:23.540 Now there are two different types of IP addressing they're being used today. 00:23.550 --> 00:25.690 There's the old school IPV for me. 00:25.710 --> 00:27.700 Here's an example of IPV 4. 00:27.930 --> 00:33.060 You'll notice that we have 4 octets separated by three dots. 00:33.210 --> 00:37.570 Each of these octets is actually eight binary values. 00:37.650 --> 00:40.050 So there are four of these. 00:40.050 --> 00:41.710 So four times 8. 00:41.740 --> 00:48.690 This is a 32 bit address IPV 4 has been around for a long long time and it looks to be around for a 00:48.690 --> 00:51.730 little bit longer however other stuff is coming. 00:51.740 --> 00:57.210 Now what we talk about IPV for addresses there are certain addresses that you need to be able to recognize 00:57.300 --> 00:58.490 instantaneously. 00:58.620 --> 01:01.310 And these are known as the private IP addresses. 01:01.470 --> 01:06.720 If you're going to put a computer on the Internet you're going to have to have a legitimate public IP 01:06.720 --> 01:10.560 address handed to you indirectly from IANAL. 01:10.770 --> 01:14.200 So usually what happens are local ISP gives us those addresses. 01:14.220 --> 01:19.880 However if you have a private local area network and everybody's just using web browsers and such it's 01:19.890 --> 01:25.650 common for us to separate this router from the real Internet through what's known as natural address 01:25.650 --> 01:27.630 translation ordinate. 01:27.630 --> 01:32.670 And what we're going to do is then we're going to use private IP addresses so you need to recognize 01:32.670 --> 01:38.110 private IP address ranges so let's go ahead knock them all out first any IP address that starts with 01:38.110 --> 01:40.950 the number 10 is a private IP address. 01:40.950 --> 01:48.470 Second any IP address that goes from 172 16 to 172 31 is a private IP address. 01:48.480 --> 01:52.910 And third anything that starts with 192 168. 01:52.950 --> 01:57.240 The third value is up to you but there has to be a third value in this case. 01:57.240 --> 02:01.240 These are also private IP addresses and I hope you recognize these. 02:01.450 --> 02:01.760 OK. 02:01.770 --> 02:07.470 That's pretty much all I want to cover for IPV for IPV 6 has been around for a number of years but it's 02:07.500 --> 02:10.470 only in the last few years and it started to become common. 02:10.560 --> 02:15.870 If you run an IP config on your system check the IP address you'll see that you might find an address 02:15.870 --> 02:17.810 that looks something like this. 02:18.890 --> 02:26.210 An IPV 6 address is broken up into eight of these four digit chunks and notice some letters are used 02:26.210 --> 02:28.860 here because this is hexadecimal as well. 02:28.880 --> 02:37.500 So if you take a look at this entire address it actually goes up to 128 bit so and IPV six addresses 02:37.550 --> 02:40.400 much bigger than an IP before address. 02:40.400 --> 02:47.330 Now if you were to look on your system you'll notice that you often have two or more IP D6 addresses. 02:47.330 --> 02:49.400 First you're going to have your link local link. 02:49.400 --> 02:56.270 Locals are easy to identify because they always start with F E 8 0 link locals are generated automatically 02:56.270 --> 03:00.980 by individual hosts then you're going to have some type of Internet address. 03:00.980 --> 03:04.000 They often will have numbers that start in the 2000s range. 03:04.000 --> 03:07.760 So here's an example of an Internet IP V-6 address. 03:07.940 --> 03:13.760 So it's very common within the IP V-6 world to have more than one IP address where with IP before you're 03:13.760 --> 03:16.100 only going to have one address. 03:16.100 --> 03:16.370 All right. 03:16.370 --> 03:19.220 So make sure you're comfortable with IPV for versus IPV 6. 03:19.220 --> 03:25.910 Now the next thing I want to talk about is when we talk about when we use the word TCAP IP that's really 03:26.000 --> 03:31.070 kind of a lie because really what we're talking about is we have a number of transport protocols we 03:31.070 --> 03:34.880 have TCAP we have UDP and we have ICMP. 03:34.880 --> 03:37.660 So let's take a moment and talk about these three. 03:37.670 --> 03:42.820 First of all TZP TZP does most of the work on the Internet. 03:42.830 --> 03:51.980 And that's why we call it TCAP over IP and not TCAP and UDP and ICMP over IP TZP is a connection oriented 03:52.190 --> 03:55.980 type of protocol in a TCAP what will happen. 03:56.000 --> 03:58.610 I'll have two ends of a connection. 03:58.610 --> 04:05.900 So once a client runs a server what will happen is the client will first send a hello message. 04:06.080 --> 04:09.710 Then the server will send back yes I got it. 04:09.830 --> 04:13.250 And then the client will then send his message. 04:13.250 --> 04:19.880 And that what we call the three way handshake is the corner stone of TZP now TZP has some really really 04:19.880 --> 04:20.840 important aspects to it. 04:20.840 --> 04:24.510 Number one it's connection oriented we always have to start with this connection. 04:24.650 --> 04:30.020 And number two you can have lots and lots and lots of packets being sent and that's why you will see 04:30.020 --> 04:36.680 for things like web pages and for email and stuff like that pretty much everybody uses TCAP. 04:36.680 --> 04:38.630 But there are two other protocols. 04:38.630 --> 04:41.030 The next one is called UDP. 04:41.030 --> 04:45.800 Now UDP is a lot different than TZP number one UDP is connection. 04:45.800 --> 04:50.840 So if I've got a client and I've got a server somebody just sends a message in hopes that the other 04:50.840 --> 04:53.900 person gets it so there no acknowledgement to it. 04:53.900 --> 04:57.690 The other thing about UDP those you can send lots and lots of packets. 04:57.740 --> 05:02.900 So UDP is used in situations where you have a high degree of confidence that the other person's listening 05:03.620 --> 05:10.990 the last one is ICMP ICMP doesn't really run at the same level as TZP and UDP. 05:11.000 --> 05:14.580 But it kind of lives in the same world so we tend to put it there. 05:14.600 --> 05:25.730 So ICMP is like the maintenance worker of TCAP IP networks ICMP main job is to handle the little important 05:25.760 --> 05:34.130 but boring things for example are messages and pings and all that stuff run under ICMP ICMP is always 05:34.130 --> 05:37.380 going to have just one packet doing whatever it's going to do. 05:37.580 --> 05:39.890 And that's pretty much all there is to it. 05:39.890 --> 05:40.160 All right. 05:40.160 --> 05:46.490 So for the exam make sure you know IPV for IPV 6 TZP UDP and ICMP.