1 00:00:09,030 --> 00:00:13,240 Hey, everyone, in this video, we're going to talk about break and continue. 2 00:00:13,500 --> 00:00:19,470 These statements are going to be used mainly with loops, and their purpose is to either interrupt the 3 00:00:19,470 --> 00:00:22,710 loop or just jump one iteration. 4 00:00:23,130 --> 00:00:30,290 So let's start with the break statement, which can be used to interrupt the loop or a switch statement. 5 00:00:30,300 --> 00:00:33,090 I haven't talked about the switch statement yet. 6 00:00:33,270 --> 00:00:36,750 If you want to know more, you can just click on this link that I left here. 7 00:00:36,900 --> 00:00:38,610 Maybe later in the course. 8 00:00:38,610 --> 00:00:42,000 I'm going to explain this with more details. 9 00:00:42,210 --> 00:00:45,530 But for now, let's just see the example using a loop. 10 00:00:45,930 --> 00:00:50,370 So going to Visual Studio, I'm just going to start a while loop here. 11 00:00:50,700 --> 00:00:52,620 So I'm going to create a variable. 12 00:00:52,620 --> 00:00:55,620 So far, X equals zero. 13 00:00:59,000 --> 00:01:06,740 So while X is less than 10, we are going to do something and what am I going to do here is just sending 14 00:01:06,740 --> 00:01:13,460 X to the console and then I'm going to increment the value of X. We don't have to go back to our Web 15 00:01:13,460 --> 00:01:15,320 page to know what's going to happen. 16 00:01:16,380 --> 00:01:20,740 We are just going to send Axe to the council until X is nine. 17 00:01:21,150 --> 00:01:21,600 All right. 18 00:01:21,600 --> 00:01:25,530 So what if we wanted to interrupt this loop earlier? 19 00:01:25,800 --> 00:01:31,020 If we don't want to change the condition here, we can just use a break statement. 20 00:01:31,350 --> 00:01:35,820 So I'm just going to start a conditional here. 21 00:01:37,310 --> 00:01:41,480 And I'm going to say that if X equals five. 22 00:01:42,980 --> 00:01:48,980 Then I just want to stop this loop, so I'm just going to use the brake statement. 23 00:01:50,170 --> 00:01:56,890 So no matter what is the condition for the loop, when our cold hits this brake statement, it is just 24 00:01:56,890 --> 00:01:58,400 going to go out of the loop. 25 00:01:58,810 --> 00:02:01,780 So going back to our page, refreshing it. 26 00:02:02,500 --> 00:02:03,640 We can see that now. 27 00:02:03,640 --> 00:02:04,990 We stopped at 4:00. 28 00:02:05,260 --> 00:02:12,280 This is because when we sent four to the console right after this, we incremented the value of X, 29 00:02:12,580 --> 00:02:13,860 which became five. 30 00:02:14,140 --> 00:02:17,730 So then we entered here and broke out of the loop. 31 00:02:18,070 --> 00:02:25,240 I know this sounds like a silly example, because after all, why didn't we just change it here instead 32 00:02:25,240 --> 00:02:26,920 of using the brake statement? 33 00:02:27,340 --> 00:02:31,480 But this was just an example of how you can interrupt a loop. 34 00:02:32,020 --> 00:02:36,610 There will be situations in which you are going to want to do this. 35 00:02:37,000 --> 00:02:39,670 So let's go now to the next example. 36 00:02:39,670 --> 00:02:41,790 The continue is a bit different. 37 00:02:42,040 --> 00:02:46,270 We are going to jump out of the loop, just like with the brake statement. 38 00:02:46,480 --> 00:02:50,080 But the difference is that we are not going to interrupt the loop. 39 00:02:50,110 --> 00:02:53,420 We are just going to jump the current iteration. 40 00:02:53,740 --> 00:03:01,150 So for this example, I'm going to write some code that is going to send to the console only the even 41 00:03:01,150 --> 00:03:03,600 numbers from zero to twenty. 42 00:03:03,610 --> 00:03:05,290 So I'm going to start a loop. 43 00:03:05,290 --> 00:03:11,240 And instead of sending all the numbers to the console, I'm just going to send the even numbers. 44 00:03:11,350 --> 00:03:19,270 So how can we do this before we start writing this, I just want to talk to you about the modulus operator, 45 00:03:19,270 --> 00:03:20,410 which is this one. 46 00:03:20,710 --> 00:03:26,330 This operator serves to return the remainder of a division. 47 00:03:26,590 --> 00:03:32,470 So if I divide four by two, I will have no remainder. 48 00:03:32,620 --> 00:03:36,830 The result is going to be two and the remainder is going to be zero. 49 00:03:37,030 --> 00:03:43,300 So if I try to do four, modulus two, we can see that the remainder is zero. 50 00:03:43,660 --> 00:03:46,720 But if I try to divide four by three. 51 00:03:48,220 --> 00:03:58,540 I'm going to have the remainder of one, if I tried to divide ten by three, I will have a remainder 52 00:03:58,540 --> 00:03:59,440 of one. 53 00:03:59,470 --> 00:04:02,890 So this is how the modulus operator works. 54 00:04:03,290 --> 00:04:13,270 So this is useful to identify even and odd numbers, because any even number that we do, Modulus two, 55 00:04:13,300 --> 00:04:15,130 is going to return in zero. 56 00:04:15,370 --> 00:04:19,420 So we can try 10, 12, 14, 16. 57 00:04:19,720 --> 00:04:27,370 This is always going to return zero because there's no remainder when we divide an even number by two. 58 00:04:27,610 --> 00:04:29,530 But any odd number. 59 00:04:30,010 --> 00:04:37,510 So let's try 11, it's going to have the result of one, because every odd number that we divide by 60 00:04:37,510 --> 00:04:41,380 two is always going to have a remainder of one. 61 00:04:41,410 --> 00:04:43,500 So this is how this operator works. 62 00:04:43,750 --> 00:04:49,940 So now that we know this, let's try to write a loop that's going to print only the even numbers. 63 00:04:50,380 --> 00:04:52,450 So going to Visual Studio Code. 64 00:04:56,450 --> 00:05:04,250 So I'm going to start with a variable called NUM, this is going to start at zero and then I'm just 65 00:05:04,250 --> 00:05:07,250 going to start a while loop. 66 00:05:09,380 --> 00:05:17,210 So while numb is less than or equal to 20, because I want to print all the even numbers all the way 67 00:05:17,210 --> 00:05:21,170 up to 20, so this is going to be the condition to enter the loop. 68 00:05:21,170 --> 00:05:23,960 And this time I'm going to do a bit differently. 69 00:05:24,230 --> 00:05:26,320 I'm going to explain this later. 70 00:05:26,630 --> 00:05:31,110 So I'm going to increment right at the beginning of the loop. 71 00:05:31,130 --> 00:05:37,490 So I'm just going to do num plus plus and then I'm just going to do console. 72 00:05:39,140 --> 00:05:40,190 That log. 73 00:05:41,190 --> 00:05:44,010 And I'm going to send the number. 74 00:05:46,150 --> 00:05:51,100 All right, so if we do this, we know what's going to happen, but let's try it out. 75 00:05:52,200 --> 00:05:59,220 We can see that we just sent all the numbers to the console all the way up to twenty, actually twenty 76 00:05:59,220 --> 00:05:59,580 one. 77 00:05:59,700 --> 00:06:07,610 So yeah, since I'm incrementing the value at the beginning of the loop, then we can just use number 78 00:06:07,770 --> 00:06:09,160 is less than 20. 79 00:06:09,180 --> 00:06:10,500 So let's try again. 80 00:06:12,060 --> 00:06:19,980 All right, so now it's stopping at 20, but we just want to print the even number, so how can we do 81 00:06:19,980 --> 00:06:20,460 this? 82 00:06:20,490 --> 00:06:22,470 There are two ways of doing this. 83 00:06:22,830 --> 00:06:27,000 So first, let's start by using the continued statement. 84 00:06:29,200 --> 00:06:33,760 So instead of just doing consolidated that log, let's make a test first. 85 00:06:33,910 --> 00:06:37,360 So let's start a conditional here. 86 00:06:38,910 --> 00:06:43,860 And we are going to test if num modulus to. 87 00:06:45,230 --> 00:06:46,040 It's not. 88 00:06:46,950 --> 00:06:47,580 Zero. 89 00:06:48,210 --> 00:06:54,820 So we know that every even number that we do, modula Stu, is going to return in zero. 90 00:06:54,990 --> 00:06:59,310 So if this doesn't happen, it means that this is an odd number. 91 00:06:59,550 --> 00:07:05,150 So if this is an odd number, we don't want to keep running this iteration. 92 00:07:05,430 --> 00:07:08,640 So we are just going to use the continue statement. 93 00:07:09,010 --> 00:07:14,220 So when the interpreter hits this line, it's just going to jump out of the loop. 94 00:07:14,220 --> 00:07:18,590 So it's not going to execute this line in any other line after this. 95 00:07:18,780 --> 00:07:23,490 So after to continue, it's just going to jump out of the loop and start again. 96 00:07:24,360 --> 00:07:29,310 When it hits the continue again, it jumps out of the loop and starts again. 97 00:07:29,340 --> 00:07:31,900 So this is how the continuous statement works. 98 00:07:32,640 --> 00:07:34,170 So if we do this. 99 00:07:35,450 --> 00:07:41,490 And refresh the page, we can see that now we only printed the even numbers. 100 00:07:41,540 --> 00:07:47,660 Of course, this is not the only way of doing this, because after all, we could have done it like 101 00:07:47,660 --> 00:07:55,020 this, just getting the console that long and putting it inside here and then doing the opposite. 102 00:07:55,280 --> 00:07:59,500 So if num modulus two equals zero, then we do console that log. 103 00:07:59,630 --> 00:08:02,120 If not, we just do nothing. 104 00:08:02,660 --> 00:08:07,220 So if we refresh the page, we can see that now we have the same result. 105 00:08:07,550 --> 00:08:13,160 So like I always say, there's never just one way of solving a problem. 106 00:08:13,170 --> 00:08:15,080 There's never just one solution. 107 00:08:15,230 --> 00:08:20,480 But I thought it would be interesting to show you how to solve this using the continuous statement. 108 00:08:20,490 --> 00:08:22,460 So you know how this works. 109 00:08:22,910 --> 00:08:23,360 All right. 110 00:08:23,370 --> 00:08:27,440 So I just wanted to quickly show you these two examples. 111 00:08:27,560 --> 00:08:30,830 Maybe we're going to see these statements later in the course. 112 00:08:30,830 --> 00:08:32,360 But for now, that was out. 113 00:08:32,370 --> 00:08:34,420 So I'll wait for you in the next video.