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Now, this makes the ordering consistent and minimizes the likelihood of increasing the frequency mathkour

2
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by chance.

3
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For example, let's say the frequency count for the letters V and then key are all the same for the

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string we are trying to score.

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Now, let's also say that the four letters in this string have higher frequency count, then VII and

6
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Key and the 18 letters have low frequency code.

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00:00:26,790 --> 00:00:31,950
So in that case, the eight a.m. and are two points of the frequency.

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Mascord because I enon are among the top six most frequent letters, even though they do not appear

9
00:00:37,920 --> 00:00:40,850
more frequently and we engage gain this example strength.

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So because the frequency matched only range from zero to 12, these two points can make quite a difference.

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But by putting letters of identical frequency in reverse order or an order which minimizes the chances

12
00:00:54,450 --> 00:00:56,650
of scoring a particular letter.

13
00:00:56,760 --> 00:01:03,540
So by arranging the letters in reverse order of oil, we avoid artificially increasing the frequency.

14
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My score lower John's ordering of I envy.

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And this is also true if there are 18 letters with higher frequency codes and four letters of the lower

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frequency.

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So the rebels sort order ensures that again, we don't match any of this frequency letters in English

18
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and again avoid increasing the frequency mathkour by vital point to sort each list of volume and the

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frequency.

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Two letters in the reverse order.

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00:01:31,550 --> 00:01:35,460
We need to pass a better pipe and sort function to this.

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00:01:35,800 --> 00:01:39,690
OK, that will look at how Capozzi functional methods to another function.

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So like over here we are done frequency to letters at the index of frequency vanload thought we have

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00:01:46,590 --> 00:01:50,560
given Wyandot find and reverse is equal to true.

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00:01:50,790 --> 00:01:56,430
Now we can do this because in Python the functions can be treated as values.

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In five, defining a function named system is the same as storing the function definition in a variable

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name spam.

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00:02:03,960 --> 00:02:10,380
Now, for example, if you have to look at the following in the interactive shell, if we go here and

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we try to define our function system wherein we are just seeing a print command, see BITD, for example,

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00:02:19,590 --> 00:02:27,210
and then we call the material, it prints it, or if we say, for example, each one is equal to spam

31
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and then we say even as a function, still it brings title.

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So in this example code, we have defined a function name spam that brings the string Bitan.

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Now, this also means that the variable spam holds the function definition.

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Then we copy the function in this spam variable to a variable event.

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00:02:46,860 --> 00:02:50,490
And after doing so, we then call even just like we call the spam.

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Note that the assignment statement does not include parentheses of the spam.

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If it did, it would instead call this spam function and said the variable even to the return value

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that gets evaluated from the function.

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00:03:03,540 --> 00:03:07,590
So since functions are values, we can pass them as arguments and the function.

40
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Again, if we want to just check out something new in this, we would define yourself, do map function,

41
00:03:16,500 --> 00:03:20,540
which is passing here, or parameter functions.

42
00:03:20,880 --> 00:03:27,210
And here we are saying return function would then comma five parts to it.

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00:03:27,370 --> 00:03:40,020
Then the next thing we define here, adding we pass A comma B here and we see A plus B, then we define

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00:03:40,020 --> 00:03:43,950
the subtracting and pass again equal.

45
00:03:43,950 --> 00:03:49,280
Maybe this time we see on A minus B, OK.

46
00:03:49,500 --> 00:03:51,610
And then here we say do math.

47
00:03:52,860 --> 00:04:01,980
Now here we are passing, adding we are getting here 15 because it is passing the function as often

48
00:04:02,010 --> 00:04:05,070
as important, five as a parameter and doing in addition.

49
00:04:05,340 --> 00:04:10,800
Similarly, if we say do math and now we see the function that we have as subtracting.

50
00:04:15,260 --> 00:04:19,280
And we get now 10 minus five that fine.

51
00:04:19,700 --> 00:04:24,590
So here we have defined three functions that do math, adding and subtracting.

52
00:04:24,800 --> 00:04:31,280
When we pass function in adding to do or Matkal, we are assigning adding to the variable function and

53
00:04:31,280 --> 00:04:31,790
the function.

54
00:04:31,790 --> 00:04:35,440
Then Gamma five is calling, adding and passing 10 and five to it.

55
00:04:35,870 --> 00:04:41,250
So the function then number five will effectively the same as the call for adding then comma five.

56
00:04:41,660 --> 00:04:44,100
This is my do math adding ratones 15.

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00:04:44,210 --> 00:04:50,600
Similarly, when we pass subtracting to the do not call do matter protracting returns five because the

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00:04:50,600 --> 00:04:57,440
function Pancamo five is same as subtracting then comma five coming to the passing of function to this

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00:04:57,740 --> 00:04:58,670
matter over here.

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00:04:58,910 --> 00:05:08,780
So here if we are seeing this five is equal to we are having some value CESI, B and E, ok, now we

61
00:05:08,780 --> 00:05:16,310
are seeing standard sort function and then we print, we get it in the value of A, B, C, but if we

62
00:05:16,310 --> 00:05:23,420
pass a function for a key word argument, the value in the list does autobody functions return value.

63
00:05:23,750 --> 00:05:29,410
So when each value in the list is passed to that function, for example, we can also parse the line,

64
00:05:29,720 --> 00:05:35,830
the fine string method as the key to sort of follow like we have done in our program over here.

65
00:05:36,200 --> 00:05:41,600
If you just check this one in, we are passing in the key and the value added.

66
00:05:42,200 --> 00:05:47,900
So when we do that here, OK, let us try and do this in the introduction here.

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00:05:48,230 --> 00:06:03,620
So here, if we are seeing a Hawaiian is equal to a line and then we pass as each of the c u m w f g,

68
00:06:03,800 --> 00:06:10,720
y, b, b, c, v, e, then we have g, x, q that.

69
00:06:11,360 --> 00:06:26,240
And then we see spam dot sort we are passing is equal to 80 a lion dot find and also we are seeing spam

70
00:06:27,500 --> 00:06:39,840
dot sort is equal to one dot find and then we are saying so now again it's coming in the same order.

71
00:06:40,100 --> 00:06:45,580
Now when we pass it on here, we have given it in capitaland this was once more.

72
00:06:45,890 --> 00:06:52,300
So if we see here say we couldn't see then I'd be sorry.

73
00:06:53,600 --> 00:07:10,130
And now if we see spam dot sort Saiki is equal to say a lion dot find and put into a, C and B because

74
00:07:10,130 --> 00:07:16,450
we have given that C is more frequent then B hence we are sorting it like that.

75
00:07:16,700 --> 00:07:23,150
So when we pass the ID on, not find this sort of sorting the normal string in the alphabetical order,

76
00:07:23,300 --> 00:07:31,430
this sort method for forestalls the fine method on each string so that the line would find a Oresteia

77
00:07:31,480 --> 00:07:39,230
or not find B or find C, return the indexes respectively of each string position in the open string.

78
00:07:39,380 --> 00:07:45,860
The sort then uses these written indexes rather than the original ABC string before the items in this

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00:07:46,130 --> 00:07:46,460
list.

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00:07:46,780 --> 00:07:53,750
This is why A, B and C appears to be sorted as ECN B reflecting the order in which they appear in the

81
00:07:54,200 --> 00:07:54,520
line.

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00:07:54,740 --> 00:07:59,600
OK, now let us continue our discussion of this in the next session.

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00:07:59,630 --> 00:08:00,820
That's it from the session.

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Thank you very much.