1
00:00:00,150 --> 00:00:03,300
Print function the print function.

2
00:00:03,300 --> 00:00:07,770
Print a specified message to the screen.

3
00:00:07,890 --> 00:00:11,360
Or any other standard output device.

4
00:00:11,490 --> 00:00:17,590
And this message can be a string or any other object.

5
00:00:17,610 --> 00:00:27,240
This is the syntax for the print function the print function can print an arbitrary number of values

6
00:00:27,540 --> 00:00:29,870
separated by commas.

7
00:00:29,940 --> 00:00:41,840
So while you 1 value 2 when 2 3 and so on I have assigned the value to 2 to this variable X and using

8
00:00:41,840 --> 00:00:51,200
the print function I'm going to print the string X equal to the text but then these double quotes and

9
00:00:51,200 --> 00:01:01,920
then I have separated values the first value value 1 and the second while you value 2 with a comma.

10
00:01:01,920 --> 00:01:05,520
Let us see how this is going to be displayed.

11
00:01:06,910 --> 00:01:11,400
On this screen so x equal to 2.

12
00:01:11,440 --> 00:01:13,480
This is how it got displayed

13
00:01:15,940 --> 00:01:16,990
next.

14
00:01:17,020 --> 00:01:23,020
I'm going to print two more strings here.

15
00:01:23,560 --> 00:01:35,340
So the first string is going to be X the second one is going to be white and in the syntax for the print

16
00:01:35,340 --> 00:01:36,390
function.

17
00:01:36,390 --> 00:01:41,310
We can also specify a separator as a B.

18
00:01:41,430 --> 00:01:54,140
The key word ACP which is the separator and by default it has one space and you can redefine the separator.

19
00:01:54,140 --> 00:02:01,380
Let's say we do not want any spaces between the values X and then white.

20
00:02:01,400 --> 00:02:04,520
So let's change the separator.

21
00:02:04,520 --> 00:02:06,510
I'm going to delete this space.

22
00:02:06,620 --> 00:02:09,550
Let's execute this cell.

23
00:02:10,010 --> 00:02:16,650
So as you can see the space between X and Y has been removed.

24
00:02:16,690 --> 00:02:20,480
Now let's have another separator.

25
00:02:20,500 --> 00:02:26,730
We have two values the String x and the string.

26
00:02:26,730 --> 00:02:30,940
Why are the values the separator.

27
00:02:30,940 --> 00:02:37,470
In this case let's say it is a colon and then execute.

28
00:02:37,540 --> 00:02:48,940
We have the colon as a separator between the values defined in the print function I have used a for

29
00:02:48,940 --> 00:03:00,240
loop to retrieve each of the characters in the string python and after the training say for example

30
00:03:00,240 --> 00:03:09,540
the first character I'm using the print function to print the character be next do for loop retrieves

31
00:03:09,870 --> 00:03:20,400
the second character y and using the print function it prints out the character y in the output similarly

32
00:03:20,400 --> 00:03:31,830
it prints all of the characters in the string Python as you can see a print call is ended by a new line

33
00:03:33,370 --> 00:03:35,930
and we can change this behavior.

34
00:03:36,310 --> 00:03:46,680
So for example we can assign an arbitrary string to the keyboard parameter in say for example let's

35
00:03:47,070 --> 00:03:58,260
use the for loop again in order to access the characters in the string python and then using the print

36
00:03:58,260 --> 00:03:59,020
function.

37
00:03:59,040 --> 00:04:11,820
I'm going to print devalue I so let's print I and the the parameter and this time is now defined to

38
00:04:11,820 --> 00:04:16,380
be a single space let's execute this.

39
00:04:16,380 --> 00:04:26,900
So as you can see instead of printing each character in a new line since we have redefined the parameter

40
00:04:26,990 --> 00:04:38,350
and with space here a single space a space has been included between each of the characters.

41
00:04:38,350 --> 00:04:40,600
This is not a separator here.

42
00:04:40,840 --> 00:04:50,550
It is the space in this case in numbered example is end of the line.

43
00:04:50,590 --> 00:04:58,780
Until now we have talked about parameter separated and the end parameter.

44
00:04:58,780 --> 00:05:04,900
Next we will talk about this parameter file in computer programming.

45
00:05:04,930 --> 00:05:14,820
If a computer program wants to communicate with its environment program that is getting executed wants

46
00:05:14,820 --> 00:05:17,760
to communicate the output to it.

47
00:05:17,790 --> 00:05:26,280
In my admin there are p connected input and output communication channels between the computer program

48
00:05:26,490 --> 00:05:28,320
and the environment.

49
00:05:28,320 --> 00:05:35,280
Also known as standard streams and there are three input output connections.

50
00:05:35,280 --> 00:05:45,690
The first one is the standard input and this is the D5 place read the program listens for information

51
00:05:45,930 --> 00:05:58,690
or input and this could be input from your keyboard next is the standard output the standard output

52
00:05:58,690 --> 00:06:02,530
is the default place for the output to go.

53
00:06:02,590 --> 00:06:11,590
So when you use the print function to bring a string or some value it goes to these standard output

54
00:06:13,180 --> 00:06:19,010
next is the standard error stream.

55
00:06:19,420 --> 00:06:27,730
And just like the standard output and standard input this is the place where error messages go

56
00:06:30,570 --> 00:06:49,650
and standard input is also call is D I N standard output is d d out or UTI standard error is is d d

57
00:06:49,890 --> 00:07:03,520
e at just like you send your output messages from a piece of code to the screen that does your computer

58
00:07:03,520 --> 00:07:13,030
monitor you can also send this text to a file so in that case you do not see the output on your screen.

59
00:07:13,510 --> 00:07:21,750
But this can be seen in a file and let us see how this can be done using the print function.

60
00:07:21,910 --> 00:07:35,290
The print function has this parameter file and by default says DOT is Judy out which is the terminal

61
00:07:35,320 --> 00:07:37,680
or the window in which we are working.

62
00:07:37,770 --> 00:07:47,340
If you want to send the values from the print function into a file that can be done by changing this

63
00:07:47,610 --> 00:08:01,260
parameter so let's discuss about this by default the file parameter is as didi out which means your

64
00:08:01,350 --> 00:08:06,950
output goes to the computer screen and this can be changed.

65
00:08:07,080 --> 00:08:12,750
Say for example you can output the content of a program to a file.

66
00:08:13,140 --> 00:08:14,740
So let's see this.

67
00:08:14,760 --> 00:08:20,420
So here I have created a file object.

68
00:08:20,520 --> 00:08:32,640
If using the open function the built in function open and this is file that I'm going to create print

69
00:08:32,640 --> 00:08:39,480
function dot the X T and I'm opening this in the access mode w.

70
00:08:39,970 --> 00:08:45,580
Now I want to create defined and using the print function.

71
00:08:45,580 --> 00:08:49,250
I want to write this text into this file.

72
00:08:49,420 --> 00:08:54,130
If that is print function dot DST.

73
00:08:54,220 --> 00:08:59,920
And finally after writing the text I'm going to close the file using the close method.

74
00:09:00,700 --> 00:09:03,060
So let's execute this.

75
00:09:04,050 --> 00:09:12,300
So as you can see nothing has been displayed using the print function.

76
00:09:12,300 --> 00:09:19,490
That's because the file parameter is not as Judy's out which is the standard output anymore.

77
00:09:19,500 --> 00:09:22,560
It is now a text file.

78
00:09:23,520 --> 00:09:32,220
So let's open this file print function that the x d text file print function 30 60 and using the print

79
00:09:32,220 --> 00:09:32,970
function.

80
00:09:32,970 --> 00:09:41,650
This is what we have entered into defined the last parameter is this flash.

81
00:09:42,120 --> 00:09:45,330
Which by default is false.

82
00:09:45,390 --> 00:09:52,910
So when you output to a stream from your program it does not go immediately to a file on the terminal

83
00:09:52,940 --> 00:09:53,860
window.

84
00:09:53,940 --> 00:10:02,040
It will be put into a buffer that it will be held until there is enough data to be what outputting for

85
00:10:02,040 --> 00:10:11,550
example a full block to file on disk flushing the output stream forces all output to be written out

86
00:10:12,120 --> 00:10:16,640
so that it is in a disk file or appears on the screen.

87
00:10:16,920 --> 00:10:23,040
And this is occasionally what is needed but it should not be done if it is not needed.

88
00:10:23,670 --> 00:10:31,650
And if you assign the Boolean value true to flush it might slow a program down.