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Everything in Python is an object and an object is an entity that contains data or attributes and associated

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methods or functions.

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So in Python instances attribute functions methods classes variables arguments that be passed to functions

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in the function called at all different objects.

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Let us consider the real world example.

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Say we are constructing a house which is an object and the House object is made up of rooms which are

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also objects.

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The room object is made up of walls ceilings etc. And these are also the walls and ceilings that also

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objects.

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The what this object the wall object is made up of bricks cement etc. So every object is constructed

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from a more primitive object coming back to Python.

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We have just discussed that objects are entities that have attributes and functions and everything in

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Python is an object.

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We have classes attributes methods functions arguments that be passed to functions at all objects and

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each object is constructed or built from a more primitive object.

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So for example the class object has attribute and functions as primitive objects.

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And from this class object after we define a class object we can create instances which again object

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of the class object.

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The class is a blueprint or gives us structure on how an object has to be constructed or built and we

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have been actually working with a lot of built in classes in all of our previous tutorials.

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Consider the number two and this number is an object in Python and this object is an instance of the

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built in class integer and all the attributes that are defined in the integer class are applicable to

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the value to here and all the methods the different method defined in the integer class can be applied

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on this value to devalue to what the object to has a type.

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It has an I.D. which means it is stored in a memory address and then it has a value.

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Similarly when we define a string.

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Say for example A is hello.

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Now a is an instance or a copy all these during class and all of the attributes and the different methods

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defined the built in string class are applicable art can be applied on the string your and this is a

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variable which is like pointing to a memory address containing this value.

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Hello So this object a has a type and the type is a string and then it has it is stored in a memory

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so it has an identity and the value that it is pointing to is destroying Hello.

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Similarly when we define a list this list list one is an instance of the list class and we can apply

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different methods on the list class which are define the various methods defined in the List class on

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this list object and the list object has a type which is the list and then it has an identity I.D..

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And this is due value that it is pointing to build types includes strings.

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Float list function module and so on we can do a lot with these building types but we can do a lot more

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if we learn to combine them to create custom types of object which are tailored to our application so

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here we have a class card and these are the attributes and then we have a method defined in this class.

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Next we have created an instance of this class card C V and this instance is an object in Python so

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this has a type this object C V has a type.

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It has an identity it is stored in a memory address and it has a value.

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So let's see this in the Jupiter notebook.

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We have defined a variable X which is pointing to the value to the value to is actually an instance

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of the integer plus the built in class integer.

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Now when we check the type all the variable x so the type is integer.

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It has an identity.

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So it is stored in this particular memory address the value that it is pointing to is to let us now

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define another variable E which bind to the string hello.

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So a is a variable which but just pointing to a memory address containing this string Hello.

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When you check the type or the variable e it is of the type.

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String so it is an instance of the built in class string and it is also stored in a memory address we

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can apply the various methods that are defined in the String class on this variable e.

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Let us call the method upward on this string Antony's strings are immutable when we call this method

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on the variable it is going to create a new string rather than changing the string.

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So when you display this string e it is still pointing to the old string Hello similarly we have created

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an instance of the class God but just see beat which is an object.

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This object has a type and the type of the object of the instance C R B is Dick called so it has been

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created using the class called and it is stored in a memory address so it has an I.D. and these different

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methods that are defined in the class card can be applied on this instance.

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C R B.