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Hi and welcome to all of you, and today we'll continue discussing for loops and once we've covered

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the basic theory in the previous lectures, I think it's time to head off to the advanced topics.

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And also an important note.

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Don't worry if you find this lecture a bit challenging and a bit hard, because, first of all, we're

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an advanced stage stages and for loops.

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And also, I promise you that in the next video you will see these same examples, these same topics,

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live and patient life coding.

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And I will apply them in my term and also going to explain them thoroughly again.

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And I'm sure that you're going to get the hang of it once.

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I'll explaining once, twice or three times.

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It's nothing complicated.

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After you break it down into small pieces.

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Everything is easy.

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Trust me on this one.

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So you will see these exact examples in the next lecture as well with small modifications and you will

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see how can I apply in life coding on Pichon?

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All right.

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So let's find out what these the range function and how to use it with loops.

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So to run the loop for a specific, specific number of times, we can use the range function, which

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basically will pass the loop a sequence of numbers.

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All right.

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So the only thing that the range function does, it passes a single number on each iteration of the

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loop.

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It passes a number to the loop.

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That's it.

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So this is the basic rule.

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And we have like the basic functionality of range.

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And we have also some interesting features that are optional to use with the range.

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So let's go all let's go over all of them.

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All right.

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So by default range function will start with a value zero and increase by one on each iteration and

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we'll stop at the limit that we have set for it.

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All right.

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So let's see an example right here.

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Example, a start from zero and then increment by one on each iteration.

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So as we just mentioned, by default range, we'll start with the default number zero and we'll increment

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by one on each iteration.

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Notice in our example, six is not included.

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All right.

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So six is the maximum limit and is not included in the output.

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So you can see a for loop right here.

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And what basically happened that we don't have, like the structure that we have seen for in the previous

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lecture, four x, four X, I wanted to be with small letter for like cell in list like this.

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And here we have the list, for example, with one, two, three, four, five.

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It's not this case.

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All right.

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So the list is the whole, as we discussed, and one cell is each of these items.

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So now we're not having this thing.

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We're having four X in the range six.

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All right.

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So the loop will the loop will get numbers out of this function.

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And the first number would be zero from here.

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This is again, this is the hole, as we have seen right here.

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The least is the hole.

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So in our case, the range function is the hole and it will pass a number on each iteration in this

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case starting from zero to this X-ray here.

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All right.

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Again, this range function will pass a number on each iteration to this X right here, starting from

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zero for the first iteration, then one, and then the second iteration, then two in the third iteration,

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four and five.

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And that's it.

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All right.

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And then just to check how it works.

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All right.

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So what we have done right here, which is going to bring this X, right?

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So in the first iteration, we're going to get the zero here.

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All right.

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So we're going with the loop.

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We're getting zero and then we want to print print that X.

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All right.

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So this X in the first, first, first iteration, it is zero.

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So it's printed right here.

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Then in the second iteration, it's one third duration is two, three, four and five and six is not

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included.

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Six is the maximum limit.

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So it goes zero, one, two, three, four and five.

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And then it stops, then the fall, then the called X is the follow up and goes further in the code

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down.

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All right.

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It's not pretty.

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It's not it's pretty easy, actually, if you think of it right.

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Each time we get one number out of here, starting from zero going up plus one on each iteration.

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That's it.

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Basic and simple as that.

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From we're going to go one level up and we will see example be first of all, let's read here the second

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both.

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It's optional.

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As you can see, we can also give a start and end limits, too, for the range function.

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All right.

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And tell it on what number to start and on what number to end.

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So in the first example, it start by starts by default from zero and stops at six.

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All right.

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But now let's see how we can set it a start and end numbers.

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All right.

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Also, like an example, a in this case, the number the number will increment by plus one on each iteration.

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OK, so it looks like this.

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You see right now we're having two numbers inside the brackets and these two numbers are stating the

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starting point and the end point of the loop.

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So in the first iteration, this is going to get the number three and also we're going to print it out.

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Obviously, the second iteration, it will before it will be printed, then five and then six.

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Also, like in the previous example, the maximum limit is not included.

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So the maximum limit here is seven.

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And as you can see in the output, we would not see the seventh number.

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It's not included.

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All right.

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So this is a starting point.

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This is the end point.

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And each iteration will be increased by plus one.

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All right.

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This is an example.

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Now, let's go to bullet number three.

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Additionally, we can also pass the rate, the range method, the incremental margin number for each

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iteration.

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OK, so in these two examples, we have seen incrimination by plus one on each iteration or each cycle.

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Each cycle of the loop was increasing by plus one.

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Here we have zero, then one, two and so on.

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And here we started at three, then four, five and six.

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Each iteration goal goes was plus one.

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But here and this example.

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All right.

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We can give the third number inside the brackets right here.

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All right.

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So here we have the starting point.

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Here we have the end point.

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Same as we had an example.

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B is right here.

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We have the incremental number, meaning it's each iteration, each cycle would be increased by three.

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OK, so then we're going to start a three right here.

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We're going to print it.

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Sorry, it's it's not the correct numbers, so we're going to start let's make it a bit smaller, so

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will we be a bit easier like 12 or.

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Right.

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So we'll start with three, then we have six, then we have nine.

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And then we have 12 while 12.

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As before, not included, so I'm going to erase all of these numbers right here, because always the

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last the maximum range is not included.

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So, again, let's explain it again.

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We're starting this is the starting limit.

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This is the end limit.

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And this is the incremental number like plus what number we're going to give on each cycle.

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So we're starting with three, meaning this is this is what we get right here in the print.

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So in the first cycle, the print will be printing three.

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In the second cycle, we're going to get the last three.

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Right.

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So you're going to get six here.

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And then in the third cycle, we're going to have nine, all right, and then we're going to have the

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fourth one because our limit is 12.

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But like always, the maximum limit here is not included.

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So this would not be inside the print.

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OK, this is as always, so the maximum is not included.

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Samia's here you see that seven does not appear in the output.

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This is the rule.

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All right.

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So it's not very complicated.

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You have three examples here.

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Feel free also to use the PDF attachment file to read over the material.

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And I will see you in the next video where you see these examples live in Pichon.

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Thank you.