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In the previous lecture, we learned that there is an anonymizing network that we can use in order to

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protect our anonymity and privacy.

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We learned that it works because it has a number of computers or nodes connected to the network.

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And then when we send data through the network, it will bounce over a minimum of three nodes before

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it goes to the destination.

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Now.

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I also mentioned in the previous lecture that Thor allows connected devices to host or to offer services.

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Now these services can be a simple website.

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And because these websites are connected to Tor, they will benefit from the anonymity that Tor offers,

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and therefore they're usually referred to as Tor hidden services or onion services.

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So this diagram right here would usually look more like this in real life.

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So you'd have some nodes or relays which you can use in order to go to a certain destination on the

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Internet.

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But at the same time, some of the connected nodes or some of the connected devices are actually acting

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as onion services.

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So these are similar to normal websites that you see on the Internet, but they exist within the Tor

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network.

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They also use a really smart protocol developed by Tor, which is designed to hide the identity of the

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server, offering the service and the client trying to access the service.

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So whenever you try to access a TOR service at any point of time, both the client and the server offering

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the service do not know where or who the other party is.

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So let's say instead of trying to go to Google.com, you try to go to this onion service right here.

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What's going to happen is you're going to connect to the Tor network again.

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Connection right here is not encrypted by TOR, but the ISP, like I said, the internet service provider

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or any other entity trying to censor your connection, they won't be able to see that you're trying

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to access an onion service.

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They'll only be able to see that you're connecting to the Tor network.

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Then once you're in the network, you're going to bounce your request over a random node.

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You're going to go to a second random node.

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And finally, instead of going to a third node, then out to the Internet to another website on the

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Internet, on the service web, you're going to stay within the Tor network and you're literally just

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going to go to your onion service.

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Now, whenever you try to communicate or connect to an onion service, the process is actually much

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more complex than what's shown in this diagram.

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It is done over a really smart protocol that is developed by Tor, so that when you connect to an onion

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service, you won't be able to see or get information about the server offering the service.

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At the same time, the server offering the onion service or the hidden service will not be able to get

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information about you regarding your location or anything that can identify you.

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Again, all of this done in order to protect the privacy and anonymity of both the server offering the

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service and the user.

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Now, in the next lecture, I'm going to show you how to connect to Tor, how to access a hidden service,

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and you'll be able to understand this better.