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Okay.

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So now that we understand that there is basically a network of devices connected to each other that

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we can use to improve our privacy and anonymity.

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The question is, how can we connect to this network and use it?

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Well, the answer is actually very simple.

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You can configure your computer regardless of what operating system it uses to route all traffic through

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the Tor network.

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And that way, hopefully everything will flow through the network, protecting your privacy and anonymity.

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Sadly, though, this is not always the case, as you probably have a lot of programs that I don't even

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know of that could leak information about you potentially revealing your location, your IP and more

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information.

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Not only that, but you could be running an unpatched version of Windows or Linux or even OS X.

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Also, your browser could leak information about you even if you think you properly configured it.

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Use Tor.

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Also, a lot of us use browser plugins and browser extensions, which also could potentially leak information.

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And finally, we have the exit node problem.

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In the previous lecture, I already mentioned that when you connect to Tor, all the data and green

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in here is sent encrypted and at any time none of the nodes know what websites you want to go to.

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They only know the address of the next node so they can forward the data to the next node.

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But as I mentioned, the red arrow in here means the data leaving in here will leave unencrypted unless

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https is used.

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So you'll have to go and manually install HTTPS everywhere to force data to be sent over https.

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Also we have this node right here.

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This is known as the exit node.

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And the problem here is anybody can actually configure a computer to work as a node in the Tor network.

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And if your computer is an exit node, you will be able to see this data leaving unencrypted.

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So you have to trust this person if you're really using the Tor network as they can potentially see

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everything you do.

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Now, like I said in the previous lecture, if the Target website uses https or if you're using a plugin

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that will force HTTPS connections, then this will be okay because the data will be encrypted by SSL

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because HTTPS encrypts the HTTP data, so you'll be fine.

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But this is again another step that you have to take and another plugin that you have to install on

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your browser in order to make sure that your data is fully encrypted along the whole way.

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And even if someone is able to see this data, such as the person running the exit node here, or if

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there is someone in here intercepting the connection, even if they capture the data, they will not

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be able to read it because it will be encrypted.

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So like I said, there's a lot of steps to do if you want to configure your computer to use the Tor

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network.

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And even if you do all of that, you could miss a tiny or a small detail that could potentially leak

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information and reveal your identity.

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Therefore a better solution is to either use the Tor browser and we'll talk about that in the next section.

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This is a web browser designed by the same people that run the Tor network.

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It routes all the data through the Tor network by default.

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It also has a lot of other features to prevent leaking your information and ensuring the data that you

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send is always encrypted.

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This is the simplest and a good solution.

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A better solution would be to use Thales, which is a Linux distro designed for anonymity and privacy,

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and the best solution would be using cubes OS with Unix gateway, which is an amazing operating system

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that is very, very secure and also can be configured to use TOR by default.

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Improving your security and anonymity and privacy.

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Now we will go over all of this in the next lectures, starting with the simplest and easiest, and

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will end with the more complex but the best approach.