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Hey there, welcome back.

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All right, if you thought so far everything's been really, really cool, things aren't going to get

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a lot cooler.

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We're going to be talking about the Internet backbone.

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So we recognize this because I've been talking about it for the last couple of lessons.

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But some of you may have had a question.

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That is, what do the arrows mean?

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I mean, it's kind of like magic, right?

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I just told you that we send off the IP address to the servers.

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The server responds with some files.

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But this is just magic.

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Like, what are these arrows mean?

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So we're going to talk about that in this lesson.

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And we're going to do that with this really, really fuzzy diagram that I found online from this website.

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It's not the clearest picture, but it actually has some really important things.

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So I want to use that to demonstrate to you what the Internet backbone is.

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So some of you know, the way we connect in our homes at a coffee shop or at work is we usually have

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Wi-Fi or, you know, maybe sometimes we still have people that are using Ethernet cables and connecting

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through those.

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But for now, let's just focus on the fact that we have a home and we have Wi-Fi.

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And this Wi-Fi essentially gives us Internet from the router.

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You can see this little person over here working hard with the router next to him and this router is

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connected.

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All the way to something called a modem, and this is something that if you ever sign up for Internet

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or change providers, you most likely had somebody come to your house and install something.

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And that's this box over here that essentially allows the ISP, the Internet service provider, this

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big building over here.

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We remember that to connect to it.

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So this modem has the signal towers that transmit signals of Google dotcom and it receives these messages.

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And then this is why I picked this image, just because I think it's incredible.

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You see this wire that is connected all the way to the ISP and then the Internet service provider,

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the ISP is connected to this magical blue cable that is the Internet backbone.

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And something that's really important in this image is the fact that there is Wi-Fi, which is over

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the air.

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But at the end of the day, everything is kind of connected through cables.

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So some of you or many of you are all of you might be wondering what the hell is this Internet backbone

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thing?

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Sounds cool, but this this kind of so I found a really, really cool thing that we can do together.

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I'll post this website in the notes after this lesson.

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But if you go over here, you actually see the Internet backbone.

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So let's say we're in Brazil and we wanted to search Google dotcom.

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Well, from Brazil, from our home through Wi-Fi.

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It connects to our router, to our modem, and then all the way to our Internet service provider.

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Lets say it's Internet service providers over here and then through cables, it connects all the way

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to, let's say, this point over here.

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And let's say for now that the Google servers are located somewhere in Portugal over here.

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Well, that signal of me looking for that IP address of Google and looking for those Google files is

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going to go through this submarine cable.

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Yeah, you heard that right.

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It's a physical cable that goes at the bottom of the sea floor from Brazil all the way to Portugal where

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the Google servers are.

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And then the Google service says, yep, I got those files here.

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There are and sends it all the way back.

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Through the ISP all the way back to our house.

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Isn't that cool that there's physical cables that are connecting and creating this Internet?

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So, you know, there are times where somebody destroys or something happens where these cable connections

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are cut off and you sometimes lose Internet connection that way.

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But, yeah, the Internet backbone is literally just this network all over the world of connected cables

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so that we can transfer these files all over the world.

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And just to show you how insane this is, somebody from the Opti project over here, I got this off

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of Wikipedia mapped out and I believe this was in 2015, just 30 percent of the network.

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And you can see over here that each one of these dots is an IP address.

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So computer that is connected to another computer that is connected to another computer and that's the

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Internet.

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The Internet is just all these connected computers that are just transferring files between each other

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and as web developers.

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And this is the coolest thing.

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And that's why I just think everybody should be a web developer, because it's so cool you're allowing

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this to happen.

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You're allowing this transferring of files from one computer to another, transferring knowledge from

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Brazil to Portugal and all over the world.

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And you get to be part of it.

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You get to be part of this network and you get to evolve.

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When this picture of the Internet came to me, I knew that this was the career for me.

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So hopefully that gets you excited.

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In the next section, I'm going to show you something really cool, Traceroute, before we finish up

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the lesson and we get into the next sections.

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So I hope that was cool seeing the next one.

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Bye bye.