1 00:00:00,160 --> 00:00:01,930 ‫Now let's look at the history 2 00:00:01,930 --> 00:00:03,790 ‫of the AWS cloud. 3 00:00:03,790 --> 00:00:05,780 ‫So it was launched in 2002 4 00:00:05,780 --> 00:00:08,240 ‫internally at amazon.com. 5 00:00:08,240 --> 00:00:09,100 ‫Because they realized 6 00:00:09,100 --> 00:00:11,940 ‫that the IT departments could be externalized. 7 00:00:11,940 --> 00:00:14,150 ‫So their Amazon infrastructure was one 8 00:00:14,150 --> 00:00:15,050 ‫of their core strength 9 00:00:15,050 --> 00:00:16,017 ‫and they said, "you know what 10 00:00:16,017 --> 00:00:18,203 ‫"maybe we can do IT for someone else, 11 00:00:18,203 --> 00:00:19,700 ‫"for other people." 12 00:00:19,700 --> 00:00:22,240 ‫So they launched their first offering publicly 13 00:00:22,240 --> 00:00:24,294 ‫which was SQS in 2004. 14 00:00:24,294 --> 00:00:26,940 ‫In 2006, they expanded their offering 15 00:00:26,940 --> 00:00:29,430 ‫and they relaunched with the availability of 16 00:00:29,430 --> 00:00:31,604 ‫SQS, S3, and EC2. 17 00:00:31,604 --> 00:00:33,840 ‫Don't worry, we'll see all these services 18 00:00:33,840 --> 00:00:34,970 ‫in this course. 19 00:00:34,970 --> 00:00:36,437 ‫Then they expanded and said, "you know what? 20 00:00:36,437 --> 00:00:38,487 ‫"We don't have to be just in America. 21 00:00:38,487 --> 00:00:39,760 ‫"We could be in Europe." 22 00:00:39,760 --> 00:00:41,940 ‫And then fast forward to today, 23 00:00:41,940 --> 00:00:44,500 ‫we have so many applications that used to run 24 00:00:44,500 --> 00:00:45,795 ‫or are still running on AWS, 25 00:00:45,795 --> 00:00:50,195 ‫such as Dropbox, Netflix, Airbnb, or even the NASA. 26 00:00:50,195 --> 00:00:53,750 ‫Now, let's look at where AWS is today. 27 00:00:53,750 --> 00:00:56,410 ‫If we look at the Gartner magic quadrants, 28 00:00:56,410 --> 00:00:58,198 ‫which sort of ranks the cloud providers, 29 00:00:58,198 --> 00:01:02,180 ‫as we can see AWS is on the top right corner, 30 00:01:02,180 --> 00:01:03,480 ‫which is a leader. 31 00:01:03,480 --> 00:01:05,400 ‫It's able to execute really well. 32 00:01:05,400 --> 00:01:08,490 ‫And it has a really great completeness of vision. 33 00:01:08,490 --> 00:01:10,960 ‫It is followed closely by Microsoft and Google. 34 00:01:10,960 --> 00:01:11,830 ‫But still 35 00:01:11,830 --> 00:01:16,830 ‫in 2019, AWS had $35 billion in annual revenue, 36 00:01:17,240 --> 00:01:20,780 ‫which is huge and accounted for 47% 37 00:01:20,780 --> 00:01:23,480 ‫of the market in 2019. 38 00:01:23,480 --> 00:01:26,250 ‫With Microsoft being second with 22%. 39 00:01:26,250 --> 00:01:27,137 ‫So by learning AWS 40 00:01:27,137 --> 00:01:29,554 ‫you are learning a tool that is widely used. 41 00:01:29,554 --> 00:01:32,460 ‫It is a pioneer and leader 42 00:01:32,460 --> 00:01:35,470 ‫of the AWS Cloud Markets for the ninth consecutive year. 43 00:01:35,470 --> 00:01:38,450 ‫And it has over 1 million active users. 44 00:01:38,450 --> 00:01:40,330 ‫So what can you build on AWS? 45 00:01:40,330 --> 00:01:42,740 ‫Well, pretty much everything. 46 00:01:42,740 --> 00:01:44,570 ‫AWS will enable you to build sophisticated 47 00:01:44,570 --> 00:01:46,200 ‫and scalable applications 48 00:01:46,200 --> 00:01:49,530 ‫and they are applicable to diverse set of industries. 49 00:01:49,530 --> 00:01:52,230 ‫Every company has a use case for the cloud. 50 00:01:52,230 --> 00:01:55,420 ‫So Netflix, McDonald's, 21st century Fox, Activision, 51 00:01:55,420 --> 00:01:56,970 ‫they're all using the cloud. 52 00:01:56,970 --> 00:01:58,900 ‫And use cases can include just 53 00:01:58,900 --> 00:02:00,181 ‫transferring your enterprise IT 54 00:02:00,181 --> 00:02:02,980 ‫or using the cloud as a backup and storage, 55 00:02:02,980 --> 00:02:05,460 ‫or doing some big data analytics. 56 00:02:05,460 --> 00:02:07,550 ‫You can also host a website 57 00:02:07,550 --> 00:02:08,710 ‫or create a backend 58 00:02:08,710 --> 00:02:11,330 ‫for your mobile and your social applications. 59 00:02:11,330 --> 00:02:12,500 ‫Or you could have your entire 60 00:02:12,500 --> 00:02:14,370 ‫gaming servers running on the clouds. 61 00:02:14,370 --> 00:02:17,500 ‫The applications are endless. 62 00:02:17,500 --> 00:02:19,910 ‫Now AWS is global. 63 00:02:19,910 --> 00:02:22,880 ‫And this is where we are going to learn a bit more specifics 64 00:02:22,880 --> 00:02:24,010 ‫about how it works. 65 00:02:24,010 --> 00:02:25,900 ‫So we have AWS regions, 66 00:02:25,900 --> 00:02:28,377 ‫we have availability zones, data centers, 67 00:02:28,377 --> 00:02:30,790 ‫edge locations, and points of presence. 68 00:02:30,790 --> 00:02:34,015 ‫And all of these can be represented on the map right here. 69 00:02:34,015 --> 00:02:35,420 ‫So let's go on this website 70 00:02:35,420 --> 00:02:36,770 ‫to have a quick look at it. 71 00:02:37,640 --> 00:02:38,940 ‫So this is a cool map, 72 00:02:38,940 --> 00:02:40,060 ‫because on this website 73 00:02:40,060 --> 00:02:42,460 ‫we can see how AWS is global. 74 00:02:42,460 --> 00:02:43,440 ‫So if I click on it, 75 00:02:43,440 --> 00:02:44,273 ‫I can, you know, 76 00:02:44,273 --> 00:02:46,530 ‫scroll the world and see what is happening. 77 00:02:46,530 --> 00:02:49,200 ‫So we can see that AWS has multiple regions 78 00:02:49,200 --> 00:02:52,260 ‫and they're in orange and they're all around the world. 79 00:02:52,260 --> 00:02:55,410 ‫For example, Paris, in Spain, in Ohio, 80 00:02:55,410 --> 00:02:59,150 ‫in Sao Paulo, Cape Town, Mumbai, and everywhere else. 81 00:02:59,150 --> 00:03:03,580 ‫So AWS truly is a global service. 82 00:03:03,580 --> 00:03:04,503 ‫On top of it, 83 00:03:04,503 --> 00:03:07,610 ‫each region are going to be connected through the network. 84 00:03:07,610 --> 00:03:10,010 ‫So these are the network reconnecting the regions 85 00:03:10,010 --> 00:03:11,882 ‫and this is a private network of AWS. 86 00:03:11,882 --> 00:03:14,729 ‫And then within each region, for example, 87 00:03:14,729 --> 00:03:18,720 ‫if I really scroll into the Cape Town region, 88 00:03:18,720 --> 00:03:21,000 ‫we can see that we have blue dots. 89 00:03:21,000 --> 00:03:22,633 ‫And each blue dots will be availability zones 90 00:03:22,633 --> 00:03:25,550 ‫that we'll be describing in the next slide. 91 00:03:25,550 --> 00:03:26,440 ‫So as we can see, 92 00:03:26,440 --> 00:03:27,860 ‫what I want to get you out of this, 93 00:03:27,860 --> 00:03:29,610 ‫is that the AWS is truly is global. 94 00:03:29,610 --> 00:03:32,370 ‫And we can leverage the infrastructure of a cloud 95 00:03:32,370 --> 00:03:35,704 ‫provider to make ourselves, our application global. 96 00:03:35,704 --> 00:03:39,160 ‫The first important concept in AWS are regions. 97 00:03:39,160 --> 00:03:40,920 ‫So regions are all around the world 98 00:03:40,920 --> 00:03:43,030 ‫and we saw it on the map from before 99 00:03:43,030 --> 00:03:44,490 ‫the regions have a name, 100 00:03:44,490 --> 00:03:47,439 ‫it could be us-east-1, eu-west-3, 101 00:03:47,439 --> 00:03:50,690 ‫and we can see the mapping of the name of the region 102 00:03:50,690 --> 00:03:54,820 ‫to their code on the console that we'll see in a minute. 103 00:03:54,820 --> 00:03:55,970 ‫Now a region, what is it? 104 00:03:55,970 --> 00:03:56,930 ‫It's truly, 105 00:03:56,930 --> 00:03:59,240 ‫well, it's going to be a cluster of data centers. 106 00:03:59,240 --> 00:04:00,502 ‫So many different data centers. 107 00:04:00,502 --> 00:04:02,430 ‫Look at it (indistinct) for example, 108 00:04:02,430 --> 00:04:05,770 ‫Ohio or Singapore or Sydney or Tokyo. 109 00:04:05,770 --> 00:04:07,630 ‫When we use AWS services, 110 00:04:07,630 --> 00:04:09,880 ‫most services are going to be linked 111 00:04:09,880 --> 00:04:11,970 ‫and scoped to a specific region. 112 00:04:11,970 --> 00:04:13,650 ‫That means that if we use a service 113 00:04:13,650 --> 00:04:16,690 ‫in one region and we try to use it in another region, 114 00:04:16,690 --> 00:04:20,160 ‫it will be like a new time of using the service. 115 00:04:20,160 --> 00:04:21,700 ‫Now, a question that may come up 116 00:04:21,700 --> 00:04:24,810 ‫in the exam is how do you choose an AWS region? 117 00:04:24,810 --> 00:04:26,840 ‫So say you're launching a new application. 118 00:04:26,840 --> 00:04:27,830 ‫Where should you do it? 119 00:04:27,830 --> 00:04:30,550 ‫Should you do it in America, in Europe 120 00:04:30,550 --> 00:04:32,634 ‫in South America, or in Australia? 121 00:04:32,634 --> 00:04:35,560 ‫Well, the answer is, of course it depends. 122 00:04:35,560 --> 00:04:38,790 ‫But let's look at some factors that may impact your choice 123 00:04:38,790 --> 00:04:40,410 ‫of a AWS region. 124 00:04:40,410 --> 00:04:42,160 ‫The first one is compliance. 125 00:04:42,160 --> 00:04:45,650 ‫So sometimes governments want the data to be local 126 00:04:45,650 --> 00:04:48,020 ‫to the country you're deploying the application in. 127 00:04:48,020 --> 00:04:49,970 ‫For example, France, 128 00:04:49,970 --> 00:04:51,640 ‫data in France may have to stay 129 00:04:51,640 --> 00:04:54,570 ‫in France and therefore you should launch your application 130 00:04:54,570 --> 00:04:56,153 ‫in the French region. 131 00:04:56,153 --> 00:04:59,380 ‫Then, there is also a concept of latency. 132 00:04:59,380 --> 00:05:02,140 ‫So if most of your users are going to be in America, 133 00:05:02,140 --> 00:05:03,590 ‫it makes a lot of sense to 134 00:05:03,590 --> 00:05:05,620 ‫deploy your application in America, 135 00:05:05,620 --> 00:05:06,470 ‫close to your users, 136 00:05:06,470 --> 00:05:08,870 ‫because they will have a reduced latency. 137 00:05:08,870 --> 00:05:10,040 ‫If you deploy your application 138 00:05:10,040 --> 00:05:11,800 ‫in Australia and your users are in America, 139 00:05:11,800 --> 00:05:15,530 ‫they will have a lot of lag at using your application. 140 00:05:15,530 --> 00:05:19,410 ‫Then, also not all regions have all services. 141 00:05:19,410 --> 00:05:20,243 ‫Okay? 142 00:05:20,243 --> 00:05:22,120 ‫Some regions do not have services. 143 00:05:22,120 --> 00:05:23,420 ‫And so obviously if you're 144 00:05:23,420 --> 00:05:25,650 ‫leveraging a service with your application, 145 00:05:25,650 --> 00:05:26,483 ‫you need to make sure 146 00:05:26,483 --> 00:05:28,040 ‫that the region you're deploying into 147 00:05:28,040 --> 00:05:30,970 ‫is available and does have that service. 148 00:05:30,970 --> 00:05:32,650 ‫And finally, 149 00:05:32,650 --> 00:05:33,483 ‫pricing. 150 00:05:33,483 --> 00:05:36,670 ‫So, pricing does vary from region to region 151 00:05:36,670 --> 00:05:38,750 ‫and you need to consult the applicant, 152 00:05:38,750 --> 00:05:40,120 ‫the services, pricing, (indistinct) 153 00:05:40,120 --> 00:05:43,030 ‫to see what the differences are between the regions. 154 00:05:43,030 --> 00:05:45,210 ‫But this could be obviously a factor that could 155 00:05:45,210 --> 00:05:46,640 ‫impact your deployment 156 00:05:46,640 --> 00:05:49,023 ‫of an application into a specific region. 157 00:05:50,180 --> 00:05:52,820 ‫Now, availability zones are what actually 158 00:05:52,820 --> 00:05:54,640 ‫are going into the region. 159 00:05:54,640 --> 00:05:56,960 ‫So each region will have many availability zones. 160 00:05:56,960 --> 00:06:00,260 ‫Usually three, the minimum is three, and the max is six. 161 00:06:00,260 --> 00:06:02,429 ‫But, really the usual is three. 162 00:06:02,429 --> 00:06:05,430 ‫So, let's take the Sydney region as an example. 163 00:06:05,430 --> 00:06:08,440 ‫The senior region code is ap-southeast-2. 164 00:06:08,440 --> 00:06:09,310 ‫So, we can have two, 165 00:06:09,310 --> 00:06:10,950 ‫have three availability zones in 166 00:06:10,950 --> 00:06:12,898 ‫Sydney, ap-southeast-2a, 167 00:06:12,898 --> 00:06:14,617 ‫ap-southeast-2b, 168 00:06:14,617 --> 00:06:16,493 ‫and ap-southeast-2c. 169 00:06:17,330 --> 00:06:20,170 ‫Now, each of these availability zones 170 00:06:20,170 --> 00:06:22,110 ‫are going to be one or more, 171 00:06:22,110 --> 00:06:25,130 ‫just create data centers that will have redundant power, 172 00:06:25,130 --> 00:06:27,350 ‫networking, and connectivity. 173 00:06:27,350 --> 00:06:28,544 ‫That means that in 174 00:06:28,544 --> 00:06:29,680 ‫southeast-2a, 175 00:06:29,680 --> 00:06:32,320 ‫I can have two data centers maybe, as well two 176 00:06:32,320 --> 00:06:34,040 ‫in 2b and two in 2c. 177 00:06:34,040 --> 00:06:35,660 ‫But it could be one, it could be three, it could be four. 178 00:06:35,660 --> 00:06:37,100 ‫We don't really know. 179 00:06:37,100 --> 00:06:37,933 ‫AWS doesn't tell us that. 180 00:06:37,933 --> 00:06:38,920 ‫But, what we know 181 00:06:38,920 --> 00:06:41,910 ‫is that these availability zones are 182 00:06:41,910 --> 00:06:43,440 ‫separate from each other 183 00:06:43,440 --> 00:06:45,372 ‫so that they will be isolated from disasters. 184 00:06:45,372 --> 00:06:48,770 ‫So, if something happens to ap-southeast-2a, 185 00:06:48,770 --> 00:06:52,580 ‫we know that it is designed not to cascade 186 00:06:52,580 --> 00:06:55,890 ‫into ap-southeast-2b, or ap-southeast-2c. 187 00:06:55,890 --> 00:06:57,645 ‫So they're really isolated from disasters. 188 00:06:57,645 --> 00:06:59,760 ‫And then these data centers, 189 00:06:59,760 --> 00:07:01,140 ‫these availability zones, 190 00:07:01,140 --> 00:07:03,730 ‫they are connected with high bandwidth, 191 00:07:03,730 --> 00:07:06,970 ‫ultra low latency networking and therefore 192 00:07:06,970 --> 00:07:08,960 ‫altogether being linked together, 193 00:07:08,960 --> 00:07:10,972 ‫it will form a region. 194 00:07:10,972 --> 00:07:12,150 ‫Okay. 195 00:07:12,150 --> 00:07:13,710 ‫Next to, the only thing we need to know 196 00:07:13,710 --> 00:07:17,630 ‫about AWS for the global infrastructure is the points 197 00:07:17,630 --> 00:07:19,600 ‫of presence or edge locations. 198 00:07:19,600 --> 00:07:20,880 ‫We will see them in details 199 00:07:20,880 --> 00:07:22,850 ‫in the global section of this course, 200 00:07:22,850 --> 00:07:26,120 ‫but you should know that AWS has more than 400 points 201 00:07:26,120 --> 00:07:29,140 ‫of presence in 90 cities across 40 countries. 202 00:07:29,140 --> 00:07:31,470 ‫And this will be very helpful when we deliver content 203 00:07:31,470 --> 00:07:34,440 ‫to the end users with the lowest latency possible. 204 00:07:34,440 --> 00:07:36,900 ‫And this is what you see on this map. 205 00:07:36,900 --> 00:07:38,070 ‫Now again, I'm going quickly 206 00:07:38,070 --> 00:07:40,010 ‫over this because we will see this at the, 207 00:07:40,010 --> 00:07:41,930 ‫about the middle of this course. 208 00:07:41,930 --> 00:07:43,810 ‫So, now how about we just play 209 00:07:43,810 --> 00:07:45,838 ‫around and do a tour of the console. 210 00:07:45,838 --> 00:07:48,980 ‫We'll see that AWS has global services such 211 00:07:48,980 --> 00:07:52,342 ‫as IAM, Route 53, CloudFront, and WAF, 212 00:07:52,342 --> 00:07:53,980 ‫but we'll see that also 213 00:07:53,980 --> 00:07:56,790 ‫most AWS services are going to be regions scoped, 214 00:07:56,790 --> 00:07:59,930 ‫such as Amazon EC2, Elastic Beanstalk, 215 00:07:59,930 --> 00:08:02,050 ‫Lambda, and Rekognition. 216 00:08:02,050 --> 00:08:05,940 ‫Finally, to know if a service is available in your region, 217 00:08:05,940 --> 00:08:08,673 ‫there is a region table you should check out right here.