So now let's talk about EBS volumes.
And there are different volume types.
They come in six different types today.
And we can group them in several categories.
The first one is, gp2/gp3.
Which has a general purpose SSD volume
that will balance price and performance
for a wide variety of workloads.
And this is something we've been
using so far in this course.
Then we have io1 and io2.
They're highest performance SSD volumes
that will be used for mission critical
low latency and high throughput workloads.
Then we have st 1 volumes,
and they're low-cost HDD volume designed
for frequently accessed throughput intensive workloads.
We have sc 1 volume
which are going to be the lowest cost HDD volume,
and it will be designed
for less frequently accessed workloads.
Now, how do you define an EBS volume?
Well, you can have several factors.
For example size, throughputs and IOPS.
Which means I/O operations per second.
And obviously when in doubt,
always consult the documentation.
Now for your EC2 instances,
only gp2 and gp3 and io1 and io2
can be used as boot volumes.
That means where the root OS is going to be running.
So now let's go do a deeper dive on to gp2/gp3, io1/io2
and the other ones.
But gp2, the general purpose and the provision IOPS
are going to be the most important for your exam.
So gp2 is cost-effective storage with low latency
and you can use it for system boot volumes,
virtual desktop, development and test environments.
The size can vary between one gigabyte to 16 terabytes.
And so we have differences between gp2 and gp3.
Gp3 is the newer generation of volumes.
So gp3 gives you a baseline of 3000 IOPS
and a throughput of 125 megabytes per second.
And then we can increase IOPS up to 16,000
and throughput up to
1000 megabytes per second independently.
Okay, so they're not linked.
For gp2, this is the older version.
They're small gp2 volumes they can burst up to 3000 IOPS.
And then the size of the volume and the IOPS are linked.
That means that if you increase the IOPS,
if you increase the number of gigabytes on your volume,
then you're going to get three more IOPS up to 16,000 IOPS.
And so that means that if you have 5,333 or 34 gigabytes
then you will have 16000 IOPS and you've maxed it out.
So what do you remember from this slide?
You remember, that in gp2/gp3,
this is for cost-effective storage latency.
And in gp3 you can independently set the IOPS
and the throughputs,
whereas for gp2, they're linked together.
Now the other types of volume that will come
up in the exam is provisioned IOPS.
And this is going to be a very good use case
when you have a critical business application
that needs to sustain the IOPS performance
or applications that need more than 16,000 IOPS.
So in general you will have a use case
where you have a database workload.
For example, something that really uses the storage,
and it is very sensitive
to storage performance and consistency.
In that case, switching from a gp2 or gp3 volume
to io1 or io2 volume is going to be the answer.
So if we consider io1/io2 you choose the newer generation.
They can be between four and 16 terabytes.
The max IOPS you're going to get
is 60,000 IOPS for Nitro EC2 instances.
So remember, Nitro Ec2 instances, gives you,
Nitro gives you access to a higher level of IOPS.
And if you don't have a Nitro Ec2 instance,
then you're going to get 30,000, 32,000 IOPS maximum.
And with io1 and io2 you can increase the provision IOPS
independently from the storage size, just like gp3.
And why do we use io2?
Well, it has more durability and more IOPS
per gigabytes at the same price of io1.
So today it makes just sense to use io2.
And there is a preview of io2 Block Express
which is between four gigabytes and 64 terabytes.
And this is an even higher performance type of volumes.
This gives you sub millisecond latency
and you're going to get 256,000 IOPS maximum
with a ratio of IOPS per gigabyte of one thousand per one.
And finally we'll see this in the next lecture,
The EBS volume types of provision IOPS
supports EBS multi attach.
So now let's quickly touch upon st1 and sc1.
So they can not be a boot volumes.
This is going to be for the previous types of volumes.
You can get the size up to 16 terabytes,
and we get two kinds of volumes here.
We have the throughput optimized HDD, so st 1.
which is great for big data,
data warehousing, and log processing.
Which gives you a max throughput
of 500 megabytes per second and a max IOPS of 500.
And then for cold HDD, so sc1.
This is for archive data.
So data that is infrequently accessed.
And this is when you would use it,
when you need to have the lowest possible cost.
Here the max throughput is 250 megabytes per second
and the max IOPS is 250 as well.
Now you don't have to remember
all these details going into the exam.
You just need to understand the differences
at a high level of all these volumes.
So the general purpose HHD
versus the provision IOPS HDD
in case you need the database
versus some st 1 in case
you need to have high throughput and lowest cost.
And so you can find a summary
of all I said in this link right here, okay?
And which is a screenshot I just took you.
So don't need to remember the details again
but remember that if you want to get also over 32,000 IOPS,
you need Ec2 Nitro with io1 or io2,
and that will be it for this lecture.
So I hope you liked it.
And I will see you in the next lecture.