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So let's talk about this Askey and Unicode and Encodings first, let me discuss about the character

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and Cary.

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So if you type a key on what let's say, then the computer does not know what you typed because the

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computer only understands deros.

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And once so what they did is they have created a mapping such that when you type here, a number will

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be printed on the screen.

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And according to that number, the prosecution considers that number as a character input.

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So if that seems confusing, OK, let me show you.

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So these are the aski and against schematics, you can see the decimal here from zero to 137.

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So we're asking you to sound bit and you can see the character of the disembodied means, not in the

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same way.

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Let's go over this alphabet first, then you can easily understand everyone.

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So you can see the similarity.

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If you see that someone's character, you see the similarities it be.

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So we will send this decimal in the binary and the computer are seeing this.

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We will deliver the 66 escapable.

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So when you type the application into the application, then the computer sends these 66 in binary and

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then we consider this 66 as capital B and C, I ask after you.

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So that's how you just map some number two alphabet and you send that number to the receiver and the

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receiver.

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So they will think that you can create the save up to this.

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There are so small lowercase alphabet.

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Ninety seven means here and that means B and so on.

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So in this way you can just represent 128 characters.

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I mean 127 characters with this seven bit what you want.

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Why are you using this one.

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But were you in the previous days.

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These are very helpful.

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And also these are and of right.

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Everyone uses English and everyone want to for these numbers, alphabet and some special characters.

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And these new lines are values and this acknowledgement, horizontal backspace, etc. These are more

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than enough in the olden days.

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But whenever there is the game, I mean, the websites have been starting.

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They have this whole ASCII as an issue because everyone want to include the language in applications,

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like if you want to send your message, you want to send this with these characters.

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So it is characters.

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You can only include English, but there are so many languages out there as well, Arabic, Chinese,

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Japanese, so many.

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And they have their own characters and they have their own alphabets.

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They have their own symbols, extra symbols.

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So how to include this and after this as they have this extended ASCII code for all the main values,

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main symbols.

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This is called NC.

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So NC did not came out like officially, but they just extended this one to this on the 255.

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They have added another 138 special characters.

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So even though these mathematical symbols are any other symbols, did not come helpful because everyone

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wants their own language like Japanese one, they own Japanese, because even though if you did not

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include to become very problem, the Chinese people want to send a letter to the Chinese, send a message,

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then it should be in Chinese.

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Right.

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They can convert English to Chinese.

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Everyone does not know English.

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That's what this Unicode came in to play.

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What they did is Unicode.

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They have already added these ASCII 128 or to get into the first two to six characters and then they

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have added the other languages as well.

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So you do have a compass card that can be compactors askey, so this included aski, but the this Unical

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includes the one two four byte and Goring's.

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So if the character says this year, which decimal value 65.

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So in binary it requires maximum soundbytes that Unicode will encode this year in one way.

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And if the binary digits are renting increases then Unicode at the end of the debate.

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So Unicode especially you, it is very famous in the web and you of it is variable.

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And so according to particular character, we want to encourage this.

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Unicode defines those in any number of bits we can see for any character equal to or below one or seven

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if the idea of a representation is one way.

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So these are as good as any.

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These can be represented using one by any Carterton, be using them, using one.

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And it just really shouldn't be tough for Unicode.

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This is the same as the ASCII value.

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So they have copied this ASCII and they have extended somewhat for the characters equal to or below

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to zero for the idea of representation is boobage and equal to greater than to zero for it.

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And then it is three words and furthermore it is four, which as you can see, but there is some starting

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magic number all right there, starting with which are to identify that these bytes are Unicode format,

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because if you you can see if you say all once, then it can take this 127 as a as ASCII character,

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that will be wrong.

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So there is only eight bits.

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So we get these are the ASCII and the first one is always so number of three, which is seven two four

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seven, it's 128 trade.

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We can represent 207.

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Fine.

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So if there are two bytes, then the first byte, three places are filled with one one zero and the

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second bytes for two places have left one zero.

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And you can only use this X and you can use replace the bits with all these places with X.

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So number of bits of it you can just all of it to whatever, minus one from zero.

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All right.

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In the same way, if there are three bytes anchoring and the first four which are angerer are filled

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with one one one zero and the second by Bitrate one zero and Tervita also one zero, and the private

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sector was 16, the 16.

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And you get the word to minus one in the same way if you have four weights and these five one four one

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zero and then these three weights and in the same are going to be told before disaster and you get to

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work on minus one.

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So with UTF it, you can incorporate some of these.

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And there also you do have 16 and you have 32 as well.

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And this you can see you do a test, which I'm going to this website.

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OK, these are the characters.

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If you want to get the value of yet you need to direct four zero zero one one two seven zero four zero

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zero two.

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And I want to tell you one, UNICOR.

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Get a job interview.

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That's my mother tongue.

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These are some symbols, and if you want to get the value of this one zero zero, if you want to see

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this one.

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And if you want you want to see zero zero.

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So you can also take an open and you can see DeRussy.

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So if you try UNICOR plus you'll get this deregulatory.

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So that's how these Unicode works.

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OK, let's move on to some important topic again.

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Another one, this YouTube.

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It is more Usdin of Web pages.

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OK, that's fine.

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But if you are doing this for us, this these the systems users, UTF 16.

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The main problem comes when you are sending some buffer into the applications you will send.

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Yes, right.

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Yes, these are some other normal value.

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So these years are one big one bite where you read can in seven bits.

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But this idea of what it does is it will incur everything as to why you want to wait.

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So you are 65.

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That's into it.

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Gyros, that is first rate.

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And then and then then in the second way, it will include the actual actual value.

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So there is one actual use placing in the value of it.

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So every year becomes zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero and that is value and so be it will add

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one other rate in front of this actual value because you do have 16 and got minimum wage.

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They have done.

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They like that you do a 16 does not have a variable and then that's what it takes to which I mean,

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what value?

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So it takes to weight, so that's why you get another value that is zero zero in null value if you are

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using Windows applications.

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If you send the buffer, if it's taken as a string, then the input that the data after this nasty gets

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truncated because in every other languages, this is null by Albert.

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You need to remember this one.

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If you are from C programming, you can just easily understand this.

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This network can identify as string Terminator twice a year and then type B, C, D, sorry BCT.

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Then the application takes only the input yay three years and it will ignore the input because of this

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structure.

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This is recreating Terminator.

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That means the thing the application reads from these to input from left to right and then yay yay yay.

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Upon seeing this right you wrote the application just ignored especially the what happens in a string

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applications so that we normally most our modern applications.

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How the Unicode encoding because there are so many other different languages users using that way you

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need to make sure that you're the Unicode is there in the application.

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Then you need to exploit the Unicode according to the conversion of the weights.

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So there are some Unicode pages you will discuss about that in the section.

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If the time permits these Unicode first are not necessary for what are so many other certifications.

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But I just said that there will be this Unicode encoding and if you suddenly see this like somewhat

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some delegates are coming out, some other transformations are occurring, then you need to worry it.

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Maybe the Unicode encoding there are mainly Windows and Java applications uses this duty of sixteen.

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And so we need to deal with the studio 16.

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And if time permits, I will add this unique role for us also.

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So that's what this Caltrain goodness.

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I hope you have understood.

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We have discussed the ASCII and extended ASCII currency and then you have encodings.