WEBVTT 0:00:07.020000 --> 0:00:11.840000 This video is part of the CCT routing and switching curriculum, specifically 0:00:11.840000 --> 0:00:16.560000 from section four in the CCT RNS Blueprint. 0:00:16.560000 --> 0:00:21.620000 My name is Keith Bogart, and I will be your instructor for this session. 0:00:21.620000 --> 0:00:24.240000 So in this session, we're actually going to be talking about several bullet 0:00:24.240000 --> 0:00:27.000000 point items within section four. 0:00:27.000000 --> 0:00:30.100000 I'm going to sort of wrap them all into one short video here. 0:00:30.100000 --> 0:00:34.180000 I'm going to talk about locating and using terminal emulation. 0:00:34.180000 --> 0:00:38.060000 We've talked a little bit about what terminal emulation is in some previous 0:00:38.060000 --> 0:00:42.580000 videos. Now we're going to dig into the actual specifics of how do I find 0:00:42.580000 --> 0:00:45.720000 a terminal emulator and how do I use it? 0:00:45.720000 --> 0:00:49.220000 And then we're going to actually use the terminal emulator to skip down 0:00:49.220000 --> 0:00:52.300000 to bullet point number three right here to make a physical connection 0:00:52.300000 --> 0:00:56.460000 from my laptop, which you can't see, but it's right here, to the console 0:00:56.460000 --> 0:00:57.560000 port of a device. 0:00:57.560000 --> 0:01:00.640000 And I actually have a Cisco router sitting right here to my left, and 0:01:00.640000 --> 0:01:03.200000 we're going to connect to the console port of that. 0:01:03.200000 --> 0:01:07.640000 Once we're in there, I'm going to show you how to locate and use a text 0:01:07.640000 --> 0:01:11.920000 editor, and I'll be using Notepad++ for my example. 0:01:11.920000 --> 0:01:16.560000 And then using that text editor along with connecting to the router, we're 0:01:16.560000 --> 0:01:19.160000 going to use them in conjunction, where I'm going to show you how to, 0:01:19.160000 --> 0:01:23.360000 like for example, take a configuration file from a router, copy it into 0:01:23.360000 --> 0:01:27.840000 your text editor so you can save it, so you can modify it, and we'll talk 0:01:27.840000 --> 0:01:29.180000 about all those things. 0:01:29.180000 --> 0:01:32.880000 So let's start with a terminal emulator. 0:01:32.880000 --> 0:01:34.160000 So what are they? 0:01:34.160000 --> 0:01:37.680000 I think I mentioned this to you in a previous video that back in the old 0:01:37.680000 --> 0:01:44.040000 days, like 30, 40 years ago, back before there were PCs or laptops or 0:01:44.040000 --> 0:01:47.920000 anything, we just had these big massive computers, these super computers, 0:01:47.920000 --> 0:01:51.580000 called mainframes, that were about the size of your living room. 0:01:51.580000 --> 0:01:55.440000 And then the way that you typed commands into that was you actually had 0:01:55.440000 --> 0:01:58.300000 a terminal in front of you, which looked like a PC. 0:01:58.300000 --> 0:02:03.580000 It had a keyboard, it had a display, a monitor, but it had no hard drive, 0:02:03.580000 --> 0:02:04.500000 it had no memory. 0:02:04.500000 --> 0:02:08.520000 It was a peripheral device that was connected directly to that mainframe. 0:02:08.520000 --> 0:02:13.580000 Much like a printer is a peripheral device connected to your laptop, your 0:02:13.580000 --> 0:02:17.760000 laptop or your PC has a specific printer port, which connects to some 0:02:17.760000 --> 0:02:22.900000 specific hardware inside the backplane or the bus of your PC. 0:02:22.900000 --> 0:02:26.020000 And when you connect that port directly to a printer, it's like the PC 0:02:26.020000 --> 0:02:29.340000 and the printer are now one, even though there's a cable connecting them, 0:02:29.340000 --> 0:02:32.320000 it's like their one device, it's a peripheral device. 0:02:32.320000 --> 0:02:36.080000 So this thing back then called a dumb terminal was a peripheral device 0:02:36.080000 --> 0:02:38.660000 connected to this mainframe. 0:02:38.660000 --> 0:02:42.580000 All it did was it took your keystrokes on the keyboard, translate them 0:02:42.580000 --> 0:02:47.080000 into ones and zeros, most likely ASCII, and then sent that to the mainframe 0:02:47.080000 --> 0:02:48.940000 for interpretation. 0:02:48.940000 --> 0:02:51.580000 Then they had the idea of, well, now that we've got this thing called 0:02:51.580000 --> 0:02:56.500000 TCP IP, where we can take data, put it inside of an TCP header and an 0:02:56.500000 --> 0:03:00.660000 IP header, and then send it to a remote destination, could we make use 0:03:00.660000 --> 0:03:05.340000 of that same technology to actually have a terminal that's not physically 0:03:05.340000 --> 0:03:09.860000 connected to a device, but instead is another room, another building, 0:03:09.860000 --> 0:03:12.100000 or maybe even another state. 0:03:12.100000 --> 0:03:17.160000 And then that device, which is now not physically connected, you can still 0:03:17.160000 --> 0:03:22.100000 type in commands, but now the commands will be typed into a program called 0:03:22.100000 --> 0:03:25.480000 a terminal emulator, and it's emulating a terminal. 0:03:25.480000 --> 0:03:26.580000 How is it emulating it? 0:03:26.580000 --> 0:03:29.220000 Well, it's still taking the commands that you're typing in on your keyboard, 0:03:29.220000 --> 0:03:33.220000 but what it's doing is it's taking those, wrapping them inside of an IP 0:03:33.220000 --> 0:03:38.620000 packet and then sending them to the server or the router or the switch 0:03:38.620000 --> 0:03:40.200000 that you're trying to get to. 0:03:40.200000 --> 0:03:43.060000 Hence, so it's emulating a terminal. 0:03:43.060000 --> 0:03:46.740000 Now, certainly, you can also have a terminal emulator running on your 0:03:46.740000 --> 0:03:51.300000 laptop or PC if you actually really do want to directly connect to the 0:03:51.300000 --> 0:03:54.060000 console port of your router or your switch. 0:03:54.060000 --> 0:03:56.620000 Now, I've already told you in some previous videos, I've described the 0:03:56.620000 --> 0:03:59.060000 concept of what a console port is. 0:03:59.060000 --> 0:04:02.060000 I believe I showed you some pictures or images of how you can identify 0:04:02.060000 --> 0:04:05.840000 a console port on a router switch, so now I can talk about that. 0:04:05.840000 --> 0:04:09.400000 So now we're going to talk about, okay, first of all, how do I find a 0:04:09.400000 --> 0:04:10.440000 terminal emulator? 0:04:10.440000 --> 0:04:14.520000 If I want to connect to the console port of an IP device, or if I just 0:04:14.520000 --> 0:04:20.820000 want to use it to send IP packets in the form of Telnet or SSH to my device, 0:04:20.820000 --> 0:04:24.600000 either way, I want to connect to the command line of my router switch. 0:04:24.600000 --> 0:04:28.140000 So step number one is you got to have a terminal emulator on your laptop 0:04:28.140000 --> 0:04:30.700000 or PC to do that. 0:04:30.700000 --> 0:04:35.460000 Now, I will say right up front, I am not an iOS guy, meaning Apple's operating 0:04:35.460000 --> 0:04:40.040000 system on Macs. I do believe that Mac computers or Mac laptops already 0:04:40.040000 --> 0:04:43.620000 have a terminal emulator that I believe is just called Terminal. 0:04:43.620000 --> 0:04:45.020000 I think that's what it's called. 0:04:45.020000 --> 0:04:48.840000 And if you can find that app and turn it on, that will work. 0:04:48.840000 --> 0:04:49.740000 Now, I'm not using that. 0:04:49.740000 --> 0:04:53.220000 I'm actually using a Windows laptop here, so I'm going to show it to you 0:04:53.220000 --> 0:04:55.560000 from a Windows perspective. 0:04:55.560000 --> 0:05:00.560000 So within Windows, there are several different kinds of terminal emulators. 0:05:00.560000 --> 0:05:03.640000 There's free ones and ones you pay money for. 0:05:03.640000 --> 0:05:07.020000 So as an example, if you want to start out with a free one, there's lots 0:05:07.020000 --> 0:05:11.820000 of good ones. One free one that I could recommend is called Putty, P-U 0:05:11.820000 --> 0:05:19.040000 -T-T-Y. You can just go right here, Putty .org, and then you can download 0:05:19.040000 --> 0:05:20.060000 Putty from here. 0:05:20.060000 --> 0:05:23.980000 So this is a free terminal emulator. 0:05:23.980000 --> 0:05:28.620000 And if you download that one, let me see here, I believe I have Putty 0:05:28.620000 --> 0:05:31.100000 in my system. I'll show you what that looks like. 0:05:31.100000 --> 0:05:34.000000 So when you open up Putty after you download it, you'll get something 0:05:34.000000 --> 0:05:36.360000 that looks like this. 0:05:36.360000 --> 0:05:40.300000 And a terminal emulator to start with, it needs to know, are you going 0:05:40.300000 --> 0:05:43.340000 to be directly connected to the device via the console port? 0:05:43.340000 --> 0:05:47.760000 If that's the case, then in Putty, you will click on Serial. 0:05:47.760000 --> 0:05:50.440000 So that's what you would select is Serial. 0:05:50.440000 --> 0:05:54.280000 Now if I'm going to be sending stuff remotely via IP, then I'd be selecting 0:05:54.280000 --> 0:05:57.460000 either SSH or Telnet. 0:05:57.460000 --> 0:06:00.680000 I'm not going to talk about raw or reverse login. 0:06:00.680000 --> 0:06:04.620000 So for us, it would be Serial, and then that would indicate, okay, this 0:06:04.620000 --> 0:06:08.800000 is going to be coming out of the Serial port of your laptop or PC. 0:06:08.800000 --> 0:06:11.340000 Or if you don't have a Serial port like in my case, my laptop doesn't 0:06:11.340000 --> 0:06:15.280000 have one. I'm actually going to be using one of the USB ports. 0:06:15.280000 --> 0:06:17.360000 So that's a free one. 0:06:17.360000 --> 0:06:20.440000 Another free terminal emulator is Hyper terminal. 0:06:20.440000 --> 0:06:22.260000 You can download that one as well. 0:06:22.260000 --> 0:06:25.600000 And then one that I specifically like, now this one comes free for 30 0:06:25.600000 --> 0:06:29.240000 days, but then you have to pay for a license after that, is called Secure 0:06:29.240000 --> 0:06:32.520000 CRT. Secure CRT. 0:06:32.520000 --> 0:06:37.860000 And when you open up Secure CRT, it looks basically like this. 0:06:37.860000 --> 0:06:40.920000 Now I've got some saved sessions right here, so just ignore those. 0:06:40.920000 --> 0:06:42.420000 But the concept is the same. 0:06:42.420000 --> 0:06:45.780000 In all these terminal emulators, you have to step number one, tell it, 0:06:45.780000 --> 0:06:48.800000 am I going to be connecting the SSH or Telnet? 0:06:48.800000 --> 0:06:50.700000 Or am I going to be connecting via Serial? 0:06:50.700000 --> 0:06:54.060000 Even if you don't have Serial, you know, if it's USB, still the concept 0:06:54.060000 --> 0:06:58.660000 of Serial means Direct Connect, not taking my ASCII and wrapping it inside 0:06:58.660000 --> 0:07:03.120000 of IP. Serial means just sending it as plain old ASCII text, ones and 0:07:03.120000 --> 0:07:06.980000 zeros. So that's step number one is to download one of those. 0:07:06.980000 --> 0:07:10.800000 So let's go back to here. 0:07:10.800000 --> 0:07:13.840000 Alright, so let's say that you've downloaded a terminal emulator, and 0:07:13.840000 --> 0:07:16.780000 for the rest of this presentation, I'm going to be using Secure CRT for 0:07:16.780000 --> 0:07:18.400000 all my demonstrations. 0:07:18.400000 --> 0:07:22.280000 So next, if you want to connect via the console port, like I said, you 0:07:22.280000 --> 0:07:24.940000 have to connect, you have to select Serial to do so. 0:07:24.940000 --> 0:07:29.640000 Now if I select Serial on here, just close out of this. 0:07:29.640000 --> 0:07:33.120000 So I want to do a quick connect. 0:07:33.120000 --> 0:07:36.420000 So it defaults to SSH, I don't want that. 0:07:36.420000 --> 0:07:38.140000 I want to select Serial. 0:07:38.140000 --> 0:07:42.500000 So we have some settings we have to decide on. 0:07:42.500000 --> 0:07:44.940000 Number one, what COM port? 0:07:44.940000 --> 0:07:51.740000 So a COM port is a logical place within your laptop per PC for collecting 0:07:51.740000 --> 0:07:55.480000 the ASCII characters that you're sending and sending it out your Serial 0:07:55.480000 --> 0:07:59.880000 Interface. Now you could have potentially lots of COM ports, and you're 0:07:59.880000 --> 0:08:02.840000 not going to know if you take a look at the Serial port on the back of 0:08:02.840000 --> 0:08:06.880000 your laptop, if you have one, or if we're talking about connecting via 0:08:06.880000 --> 0:08:11.300000 a USB adapter, either way, you don't know when you connect the cable to 0:08:11.300000 --> 0:08:13.900000 that, which COM port will be associated. 0:08:13.900000 --> 0:08:15.120000 You can't predict that. 0:08:15.120000 --> 0:08:17.580000 So we have to wait a figure, we need a way of figuring that out. 0:08:17.580000 --> 0:08:21.220000 I can't just assume it's going to be COM 2, like it says on here. 0:08:21.220000 --> 0:08:23.220000 So how do I figure that out? 0:08:23.220000 --> 0:08:29.240000 Well, for that, you would open up your Device Manager. 0:08:29.240000 --> 0:08:31.820000 Once again, this is within Windows here. 0:08:31.820000 --> 0:08:33.720000 So Windows Device Manager. 0:08:33.720000 --> 0:08:38.380000 So I just clicked on Start and then the area where you can type in a command, 0:08:38.380000 --> 0:08:40.080000 I just typed in Device Manager. 0:08:40.080000 --> 0:08:43.160000 You can also get to it via the Control Panel. 0:08:43.160000 --> 0:08:46.380000 Once you get to the Device Manager, what you're going to be looking for 0:08:46.380000 --> 0:08:50.660000 is under here, there's going to be COM and LPT ports. 0:08:50.660000 --> 0:08:52.840000 Right now, I don't have any. 0:08:52.840000 --> 0:08:56.220000 If you can see, there's no COM or LPT ports, but that's okay. 0:08:56.220000 --> 0:08:59.400000 That's fine. So what I'm going to do is I'm going to take, and I talked 0:08:59.400000 --> 0:09:03.900000 about this in a previous video, this rolled cable that Cisco provides 0:09:03.900000 --> 0:09:06.760000 for connecting to the console ports of their routers and switches. 0:09:06.760000 --> 0:09:10.800000 One end is an RJ45, the other end is a DB9. 0:09:10.800000 --> 0:09:12.700000 Now, I don't have a Serial port. 0:09:12.700000 --> 0:09:17.720000 I can't directly plug this DB9 into my laptop, so I had to get a USB to 0:09:17.720000 --> 0:09:20.020000 Serial adapter, and that's what this is. 0:09:20.020000 --> 0:09:24.420000 It's got a DB9 connector on one end and a USB connector on the other end. 0:09:24.420000 --> 0:09:28.900000 So I'm going to start by connecting my RJ45 jack to the console port of 0:09:28.900000 --> 0:09:32.200000 my router, which you can't see, but it's right here next to me. 0:09:32.200000 --> 0:09:33.960000 Alright, so that's step number one. 0:09:33.960000 --> 0:09:36.480000 Step number two, you want to make sure that the routers actually turned 0:09:36.480000 --> 0:09:42.560000 on, because when I plug in this USB into my laptop, a COM port is going 0:09:42.560000 --> 0:09:45.620000 to show up here in this list, and it's going to tell me if it was assigned 0:09:45.620000 --> 0:09:48.840000 COM1 or COM7 when this was plugged in. 0:09:48.840000 --> 0:09:52.540000 But I'm pretty sure I could test this, but I'm pretty sure that there 0:09:52.540000 --> 0:09:56.240000 has to be some sort of electrical energy flowing through this thing, otherwise 0:09:56.240000 --> 0:09:59.540000 the USB port doesn't necessarily know it's even connected to anything. 0:09:59.540000 --> 0:10:03.180000 Now, I could be wrong on that, but just for the sake of making it easy, 0:10:03.180000 --> 0:10:06.040000 just start up your router switch first. 0:10:06.040000 --> 0:10:09.260000 That guarantees that your console port has electrical energy, so when 0:10:09.260000 --> 0:10:13.400000 I plug this in, there should be something going through this into my laptop, 0:10:13.400000 --> 0:10:17.320000 which should trigger my laptop to create a COM port for it. 0:10:17.320000 --> 0:10:21.120000 So here we go. I'm going to plug this into my USB port. 0:10:21.120000 --> 0:10:23.700000 Alright, so you can see right here, I'll go ahead and zoom in on this 0:10:23.700000 --> 0:10:28.980000 a little bit. So right there, ports COM and LPT, that just showed up. 0:10:28.980000 --> 0:10:33.280000 If I expand that, you can see it is COM4. 0:10:33.280000 --> 0:10:35.260000 So that's the number I'm going to need to remember. 0:10:35.260000 --> 0:10:39.180000 Now, if I unconnect this, or I should say disconnect this, and then later 0:10:39.180000 --> 0:10:44.580000 on, connect the USB cable again, I can't assume it's going to be COM4. 0:10:44.580000 --> 0:10:47.040000 It might be COM1 next time, or COM7. 0:10:47.040000 --> 0:10:48.880000 So this is always the first step. 0:10:48.880000 --> 0:10:52.500000 You've got to figure out what COM port was associated to your USB to serial 0:10:52.500000 --> 0:10:57.000000 adapter. Alright, so now I know it's COM4. 0:10:57.000000 --> 0:11:03.120000 So now that I know that, I can close this, go back into secure CRT. 0:11:03.120000 --> 0:11:08.860000 And now for my quick connect, I'll select serial, and I need to change 0:11:08.860000 --> 0:11:13.840000 this to COM4. Now what about these other settings right here? 0:11:13.840000 --> 0:11:16.740000 Baud rate, data bits, parity, and stop bits. 0:11:16.740000 --> 0:11:20.840000 Well, there are some standard numbers that you need to select for that. 0:11:20.840000 --> 0:11:23.400000 So let's talk about that. 0:11:23.400000 --> 0:11:27.860000 So what I'm going to talk about now is what are the out-of-band settings. 0:11:27.860000 --> 0:11:31.060000 You might hear that term out -of-band versus in-band. 0:11:31.060000 --> 0:11:32.960000 What's that talking about? 0:11:32.960000 --> 0:11:38.820000 So the band is whatever the communications channel is being used that's 0:11:38.820000 --> 0:11:39.920000 carrying actual data. 0:11:39.920000 --> 0:11:48.120000 So for example, if I was picking up my phone, my telephone, not an IP 0:11:48.120000 --> 0:11:52.220000 phone, just a regular telephone, okay, which connects the circuit between 0:11:52.220000 --> 0:11:54.000000 my house and the telephone company. 0:11:54.000000 --> 0:11:57.100000 So the two wires, the two physical wires are going from my house to the 0:11:57.100000 --> 0:11:58.100000 telephone company. 0:11:58.100000 --> 0:12:00.320000 That now has an electrical circuit on it. 0:12:00.320000 --> 0:12:04.940000 Well, as I'm talking and think of my voice being the data, that's being 0:12:04.940000 --> 0:12:08.880000 interpreted as electrical energy, and that's going across those wires. 0:12:08.880000 --> 0:12:13.200000 So those wires are carrying that electrical energy which is carrying my 0:12:13.200000 --> 0:12:17.320000 voice. Now before I start talking, when I picked up that phone, those 0:12:17.320000 --> 0:12:23.180000 same pair of wires sent some electrical energy which created a dial tone. 0:12:23.180000 --> 0:12:24.440000 That's how I heard a dial tone. 0:12:24.440000 --> 0:12:27.580000 It's because I picked it up and now the loop was connected and I had some 0:12:27.580000 --> 0:12:28.580000 electrical energy. 0:12:28.580000 --> 0:12:32.600000 And as I'm typing in my numbers, all right, so now I'm typing in, you 0:12:32.600000 --> 0:12:38.800000 know, 555-1234, that those digits I'm typing are being converted into 0:12:38.800000 --> 0:12:42.560000 electrical energy and going across the exact same wires using the exact 0:12:42.560000 --> 0:12:46.660000 same frequencies as my voice. 0:12:46.660000 --> 0:12:51.260000 So that's considered in-band, meaning that the control information, the 0:12:51.260000 --> 0:12:55.340000 management information, to like set up the circuit or to send like management 0:12:55.340000 --> 0:13:03.100000 information is using the same path, the same energy as actual data. 0:13:03.100000 --> 0:13:08.940000 So when I use my terminal emulator to do like telnet or SSH, that's considered 0:13:08.940000 --> 0:13:14.100000 in-band, because IP packets are carrying my telnet SSH, so as far as the 0:13:14.100000 --> 0:13:17.640000 router switches concerned, here comes some IP packets which are carrying, 0:13:17.640000 --> 0:13:21.200000 you know, people's web browsing or email, and then here comes some other 0:13:21.200000 --> 0:13:26.400000 IP packets on the exact same interfaces which are carrying control information, 0:13:26.400000 --> 0:13:29.140000 my commands. That's considered an in-band communication. 0:13:29.140000 --> 0:13:32.180000 Now what I'm setting up right here right now is called an out-of-band 0:13:32.180000 --> 0:13:35.540000 communication, where there's a completely separate path, a completely 0:13:35.540000 --> 0:13:39.980000 separate channel for carrying my commands, my control information. 0:13:39.980000 --> 0:13:44.120000 So in this case, my out-of-band setting is not being carried in IP packets, 0:13:44.120000 --> 0:13:48.040000 it's not my ethernet ports on this router or switch that's receiving my 0:13:48.040000 --> 0:13:52.200000 commands, it's the console port, completely separate channel. 0:13:52.200000 --> 0:13:55.320000 So in order to get that console port working with my terminal emulator, 0:13:55.320000 --> 0:13:59.200000 the console port is already pre-configured with certain settings, and 0:13:59.200000 --> 0:14:00.660000 that's what we see right here. 0:14:00.660000 --> 0:14:04.640000 So I need to make sure my terminal emulator matches those settings. 0:14:04.640000 --> 0:14:07.100000 So my baud rate needs to be 9600. 0:14:07.100000 --> 0:14:10.360000 In terms of what we're doing right here with the console connection, you 0:14:10.360000 --> 0:14:13.880000 can think of baud as equivalent to bits per second. 0:14:13.880000 --> 0:14:17.240000 It's not always equivalent to bits per second, but in this context, it 0:14:17.240000 --> 0:14:21.940000 is. So the default speed, if you will, of a console port on a router switch 0:14:21.940000 --> 0:14:24.820000 is 9600 bits per second. 0:14:24.820000 --> 0:14:28.160000 You might be thinking, wow, that seems really slow when we're talking 0:14:28.160000 --> 0:14:33.200000 about like data going across fast ethernet, which is 100 million bits 0:14:33.200000 --> 0:14:35.700000 per second or higher, you're right. 0:14:35.700000 --> 0:14:39.640000 But when you think about it, as you're typing in your characters, each 0:14:39.640000 --> 0:14:43.400000 character you press on your keyboard is being sent to that console port, 0:14:43.400000 --> 0:14:45.700000 and each character is only like eight bits. 0:14:45.700000 --> 0:14:51.060000 So 9600 bits per second is plenty fast enough for you to type in what 0:14:51.060000 --> 0:14:55.320000 you need to type, and for you to get output back displayed on your screen. 0:14:55.320000 --> 0:14:59.380000 Eight data bits, that means there's going to be eight data bits to represent 0:14:59.380000 --> 0:15:02.700000 every character on your keyboard that you type. 0:15:02.700000 --> 0:15:08.160000 No parity. So in the terms of this, parity is a method of doing error 0:15:08.160000 --> 0:15:12.680000 detection. To detect if there's any errors in those eight data bits. 0:15:12.680000 --> 0:15:16.340000 In this particular case, the console port is not set up for parity, so 0:15:16.340000 --> 0:15:19.440000 it's no parity, and one stop it. 0:15:19.440000 --> 0:15:24.940000 So a stop it is simply a bit that's sent after the eight data bits that 0:15:24.940000 --> 0:15:28.040000 basically says, hey, look, I'm done with this character. 0:15:28.040000 --> 0:15:32.140000 So let's the receiving hardware, in this case, console port no, process 0:15:32.140000 --> 0:15:33.540000 the previous eight bits. 0:15:33.540000 --> 0:15:36.360000 This bit says I'm done, process what you just got. 0:15:36.360000 --> 0:15:38.840000 So we're going to have one stop bit. 0:15:38.840000 --> 0:15:45.640000 Okay, so let's go ahead and go back to secure CRT, which is right here, 0:15:45.640000 --> 0:15:53.680000 and set it up. So I want to change it to 9,600, eight data bits, no parity 0:15:53.680000 --> 0:15:55.940000 bits, one stop bit. 0:15:55.940000 --> 0:15:57.700000 You don't have to worry about the flow control. 0:15:57.700000 --> 0:15:59.960000 The flow control is not going to matter in this case. 0:15:59.960000 --> 0:16:01.880000 So once I got that, I am good. 0:16:01.880000 --> 0:16:03.860000 So just click connect. 0:16:03.860000 --> 0:16:05.420000 Hit your enter key a couple times. 0:16:05.420000 --> 0:16:14.660000 I'll go ahead and make this a little bit bigger for you so you can see. 0:16:14.660000 --> 0:16:18.120000 And you can see here, just the fact that I'm getting something tells me 0:16:18.120000 --> 0:16:20.500000 that I actually have a console connection. 0:16:20.500000 --> 0:16:25.320000 Now what might you see if you messed up some of those settings? 0:16:25.320000 --> 0:16:29.140000 Well, if you got the baud rate incorrect, what you would probably see 0:16:29.140000 --> 0:16:30.920000 is just garbage on your screen. 0:16:30.920000 --> 0:16:34.700000 You might not see anything or you might see weird stuff like, you know, 0:16:34.700000 --> 0:16:39.380000 tildays and asterisks and just weird characters that don't make any sense. 0:16:39.380000 --> 0:16:43.520000 That's because the console port is sending you stuff at 9,600. 0:16:43.520000 --> 0:16:46.460000 Your terminal emulator is expecting something at a different speed and 0:16:46.460000 --> 0:16:49.640000 is trying to interpret those bits, and it can't do that. 0:16:49.640000 --> 0:16:52.880000 So if you see garbage on your screen, that's most likely because your 0:16:52.880000 --> 0:16:56.540000 speed is not matched up with the speed of the router or the switch. 0:16:56.540000 --> 0:17:00.260000 Now maybe somebody got into the router or the switch before you and they 0:17:00.260000 --> 0:17:03.220000 changed the default baud to something else. 0:17:03.220000 --> 0:17:04.760000 That's a possibility. 0:17:04.760000 --> 0:17:08.100000 So maybe you say, hey, I know I set up for 9,600 on my side. 0:17:08.100000 --> 0:17:10.320000 Why am I seeing these garbage characters? 0:17:10.320000 --> 0:17:13.260000 Well, that's probably because the baud rate of the console port has been 0:17:13.260000 --> 0:17:15.040000 manually changed to something else. 0:17:15.040000 --> 0:17:17.060000 So you have two options there. 0:17:17.060000 --> 0:17:22.240000 Option number one would be to just try the various different speed settings 0:17:22.240000 --> 0:17:23.340000 within the terminal emulator. 0:17:23.340000 --> 0:17:27.380000 You should have about seven or eight of them and just see which one works. 0:17:27.380000 --> 0:17:29.220000 And hopefully you'll hit upon the right one. 0:17:29.220000 --> 0:17:33.820000 The other option is you could power cycle your router switch and go through 0:17:33.820000 --> 0:17:36.780000 the password recovery procedure like you saw in a previous video. 0:17:36.780000 --> 0:17:40.600000 We're actually breaking to Ramon and then you change the configuration 0:17:40.600000 --> 0:17:41.900000 register settings. 0:17:41.900000 --> 0:17:45.800000 Via the configuration register, you can force the console port to be whatever 0:17:45.800000 --> 0:17:46.980000 you want it to be. 0:17:46.980000 --> 0:17:51.000000 So in this case, you probably want to force it back to 9,600. 0:17:51.000000 --> 0:17:52.400000 Now, what are some other things? 0:17:52.400000 --> 0:17:55.340000 If you've got some of the other settings incorrect, then what you might 0:17:55.340000 --> 0:18:00.500000 see is that maybe you see stuff coming, like for example, I see router 0:18:00.500000 --> 0:18:03.980000 3 here, but whenever I type something into my keyboard, it's... 0:18:03.980000 --> 0:18:05.960000 I'm not getting anything echoed back. 0:18:05.960000 --> 0:18:08.060000 It's like I'm typing and it's not being received. 0:18:08.060000 --> 0:18:10.580000 You could see that or just the reverse. 0:18:10.580000 --> 0:18:13.060000 You might see where when you're typing something keyboard, it's showing 0:18:13.060000 --> 0:18:17.380000 up on the screen, but you're not getting any output back from the router 0:18:17.380000 --> 0:18:20.720000 or the switch. All those would be examples of where your settings are 0:18:20.720000 --> 0:18:24.580000 mismatched. And last thing, cabling. 0:18:24.580000 --> 0:18:28.460000 So I mentioned that most of the time you're going to be using this flat 0:18:28.460000 --> 0:18:32.580000 blue cable that Cisco sent you, but what if you wanted to make your own 0:18:32.580000 --> 0:18:34.840000 cable? How would you do that? 0:18:34.840000 --> 0:18:40.340000 Well, the wires inside here, there are eight wires inside here and like, 0:18:40.340000 --> 0:18:44.780000 you know, like a regular ethernet cable, but the layout of the wires in 0:18:44.780000 --> 0:18:46.340000 here is not like an ethernet cable. 0:18:46.340000 --> 0:18:48.300000 This is not straight through. 0:18:48.300000 --> 0:18:50.340000 This is not a crossover cable. 0:18:50.340000 --> 0:18:55.300000 This is actually called a rolled cable where pin one on one side goes 0:18:55.300000 --> 0:18:57.200000 directly to pin eight on the other. 0:18:57.200000 --> 0:18:59.040000 Pin two goes to pin seven. 0:18:59.040000 --> 0:19:03.440000 So it's just an exact reversal of the pins. 0:19:03.440000 --> 0:19:09.820000 Remember, crossover is one to two, three to six, but rollover is just 0:19:09.820000 --> 0:19:11.040000 exactly the opposite. 0:19:11.040000 --> 0:19:15.040000 So if you needed to make one, you would make a rolled cable. 0:19:15.040000 --> 0:19:17.880000 Okay, so now that we're in there, we've talked about terminal emulators. 0:19:17.880000 --> 0:19:21.880000 We've talked about how to get one, how to set one up to talk to the device. 0:19:21.880000 --> 0:19:25.320000 Now let's talk about text editors and configuration files. 0:19:25.320000 --> 0:19:28.380000 So once again, what is a text editor? 0:19:28.380000 --> 0:19:30.960000 A text editor is just simply an application that you've got on your laptop 0:19:30.960000 --> 0:19:33.380000 for creating text. 0:19:33.380000 --> 0:19:39.620000 For example, every single Windows laptop, regardless of whether it's Windows 0:19:39.620000 --> 0:19:48.580000 seven, Windows 10, whatever, comes with a default text editor called notepad 0:19:48.580000 --> 0:19:49.940000 that you see right here. 0:19:49.940000 --> 0:19:52.580000 I'm sure you guys have had experience with this. 0:19:52.580000 --> 0:19:56.420000 I'm sure Apple computers also have their own flavor of a text editor. 0:19:56.420000 --> 0:19:58.820000 So there's a very simple one. 0:19:58.820000 --> 0:20:03.120000 I particularly actually like the one thing I don't like about notepad, 0:20:03.120000 --> 0:20:04.460000 and I'm sure there's a way to do this. 0:20:04.460000 --> 0:20:05.520000 I just don't know how to do it. 0:20:05.520000 --> 0:20:06.980000 Is it by default? 0:20:06.980000 --> 0:20:10.780000 It doesn't have a line wrap. 0:20:10.780000 --> 0:20:14.020000 The lines, it's just kind of unwieldy. 0:20:14.020000 --> 0:20:18.520000 So there's actually a free version, an upgrade version called notepad++, 0:20:18.520000 --> 0:20:23.980000 like plus plus. I prefer to use notepad++, also because it gives you the 0:20:23.980000 --> 0:20:26.860000 ability to do tabs. 0:20:26.860000 --> 0:20:34.460000 So for example, here is notepad++, and I could open up new tabs, so I 0:20:34.460000 --> 0:20:37.820000 have various different files sitting right here in front of me. 0:20:37.820000 --> 0:20:41.660000 So download your favorite text editor. 0:20:41.660000 --> 0:20:43.680000 You can find one for free easily. 0:20:43.680000 --> 0:20:45.580000 This is free. And then what do you do with it? 0:20:45.580000 --> 0:20:49.100000 Alright, so here's some common uses of a text editor. 0:20:49.100000 --> 0:20:53.340000 Once you're into your device, maybe you want to take a look at the running 0:20:53.340000 --> 0:20:55.240000 config and save it offline. 0:20:55.240000 --> 0:20:58.600000 Maybe you want to take all the running configurations or the startup configurations 0:20:58.600000 --> 0:21:02.400000 of your routers and switches, and save those in a database somewhere as 0:21:02.400000 --> 0:21:06.240000 text files. Well, there's a couple of very easy ways to do that. 0:21:06.240000 --> 0:21:12.860000 I could say, now, normally if I type show run, or show start, or anything, 0:21:12.860000 --> 0:21:18.300000 if there's more than about 25 or 30 lines of output, it's going to pause, 0:21:18.300000 --> 0:21:21.440000 and it's going to say more, like that. 0:21:21.440000 --> 0:21:24.400000 And so you've got to keep hitting your space bar until you get to the 0:21:24.400000 --> 0:21:30.260000 end of it. Which means if I copy and paste that into a text editor, that 0:21:30.260000 --> 0:21:32.640000 more is going to be in there too. 0:21:32.640000 --> 0:21:36.560000 So if you want to issue some sort of show command, and your objective 0:21:36.560000 --> 0:21:41.960000 is, however much output there is, whether it's one page or 20 pages, I 0:21:41.960000 --> 0:21:45.460000 just want to keep scrolling and scrolling and scrolling by itself until 0:21:45.460000 --> 0:21:46.720000 it gets to the end. 0:21:46.720000 --> 0:21:50.520000 Then I can scroll back up to the top and capture all that and put it in 0:21:50.520000 --> 0:21:56.080000 my text editor. Well, the command to do that is terminal length, and then 0:21:56.080000 --> 0:21:58.840000 set your length, in this case, would be zero. 0:21:58.840000 --> 0:22:03.340000 So terminal length or term length zero now means any show command you 0:22:03.340000 --> 0:22:06.660000 issue, like for example show run, it won't pause. 0:22:06.660000 --> 0:22:09.400000 It'll go all the way down to the bottom until it gets to the end of the 0:22:09.400000 --> 0:22:12.860000 output. Term length zero. 0:22:12.860000 --> 0:22:18.480000 And now I can scroll up to the top, right about here. 0:22:18.480000 --> 0:22:23.020000 And most terminal emulators, not all, I'm sorry, yeah, most terminal emulators 0:22:23.020000 --> 0:22:28.280000 like secure CRT, when you highlight something, it's automatically copied. 0:22:28.280000 --> 0:22:31.020000 Don't right click, because a lot of times the windows we think, okay, 0:22:31.020000 --> 0:22:33.260000 I have to do right click and hit copy. 0:22:33.260000 --> 0:22:34.560000 No, you don't want to do that. 0:22:34.560000 --> 0:22:36.780000 Like right now, it's already copied. 0:22:36.780000 --> 0:22:40.620000 Actually, if I right click, that's equivalent to paste. 0:22:40.620000 --> 0:22:44.100000 If I right click right now, all the stuff that's highlighted would now 0:22:44.100000 --> 0:22:46.880000 be pasted back in there, and I don't want that. 0:22:46.880000 --> 0:22:48.160000 So I've already copied it. 0:22:48.160000 --> 0:22:52.660000 Now I can just go back to my text editor, which is right here. 0:22:52.660000 --> 0:22:56.980000 And within the text editor, I can right click and paste. 0:22:56.980000 --> 0:23:00.160000 And now I've got my configuration file. 0:23:00.160000 --> 0:23:04.400000 Now in the future, if I want to take this configuration file and put it 0:23:04.400000 --> 0:23:07.340000 back into router switch, couple things. 0:23:07.340000 --> 0:23:12.300000 Notice up here at the top, it starts with show run and router three. 0:23:12.300000 --> 0:23:14.600000 I probably don't want that as part of my configuration file. 0:23:14.600000 --> 0:23:17.860000 If I try to paste that back in, that will be unrecognized. 0:23:17.860000 --> 0:23:19.920000 So I probably want to get rid of that. 0:23:19.920000 --> 0:23:23.560000 Maybe you want to just get rid of the first few lines, because that's 0:23:23.560000 --> 0:23:26.760000 not really necessary to be part of my running config. 0:23:26.760000 --> 0:23:31.060000 And a lot of times when I'm doing labs and like my boot camps and stuff, 0:23:31.060000 --> 0:23:33.240000 I'll create a configuration file like this. 0:23:33.240000 --> 0:23:36.300000 And my objective is I want to copy and paste that directly into my router 0:23:36.300000 --> 0:23:41.000000 switch. Well, if I just did it from here, that means I'd have to first 0:23:41.000000 --> 0:23:47.220000 log into the router switch, type enable, type config T. 0:23:47.220000 --> 0:23:49.640000 And then I can paste this into the switch. 0:23:49.640000 --> 0:23:51.940000 Why not automate that process? 0:23:51.940000 --> 0:23:59.060000 At the beginning of this file, why not type enable config T. 0:23:59.060000 --> 0:24:01.600000 And then put an exclamation point. 0:24:01.600000 --> 0:24:06.020000 So the exclamation point is just interpreted by iOS as like a line break. 0:24:06.020000 --> 0:24:07.200000 It doesn't mean anything. 0:24:07.200000 --> 0:24:08.520000 It doesn't interpret that. 0:24:08.520000 --> 0:24:10.480000 So I just like putting my exclamation points in here. 0:24:10.480000 --> 0:24:13.800000 So my configuration file is more easily readable by me. 0:24:13.800000 --> 0:24:16.860000 If I didn't have those, it would just squish everything together. 0:24:16.860000 --> 0:24:21.700000 So now by putting that in there, I can go back. 0:24:21.700000 --> 0:24:26.760000 So let's say I get into router three, and it's at this point right here. 0:24:26.760000 --> 0:24:28.140000 So I just log into it. 0:24:28.140000 --> 0:24:34.460000 Now I can take, I can say edit, select all, right click and copy. 0:24:34.460000 --> 0:24:36.840000 Now go back here to my terminal emulator. 0:24:36.840000 --> 0:24:39.600000 And remember, just right clicking is pasting. 0:24:39.600000 --> 0:24:42.960000 And so we'll actually start with enable and config T. 0:24:42.960000 --> 0:24:49.100000 See that? I'll go ahead and scroll up again. 0:24:49.100000 --> 0:24:53.100000 So I didn't have to save me a second or two of typing enable and config 0:24:53.100000 --> 0:24:57.940000 T. Another thing is at the end of the config file, notice how it's got 0:24:57.940000 --> 0:25:00.740000 end right here. As long as you've got a line break after end, it'll put 0:25:00.740000 --> 0:25:04.360000 your right back at your privilege's exact level again. 0:25:04.360000 --> 0:25:10.060000 And maybe what you want to do is at the very top, put descriptive character 0:25:10.060000 --> 0:25:12.480000 here like, you know, exclamation point, because that's not going to be 0:25:12.480000 --> 0:25:17.200000 interpreted. Say router three config file. 0:25:17.200000 --> 0:25:20.160000 And another exclamation point. 0:25:20.160000 --> 0:25:26.280000 And now if I edit, select all, copy. 0:25:26.280000 --> 0:25:32.080000 Do that again, copy and then paste. 0:25:32.080000 --> 0:25:34.680000 See, it put that in there. 0:25:34.680000 --> 0:25:40.520000 So if I go up to the top, my description was just ignored because it was 0:25:40.520000 --> 0:25:42.740000 encompassed in exclamation points. 0:25:42.740000 --> 0:25:45.640000 So now the config file starts with something that's a little bit more 0:25:45.640000 --> 0:25:50.440000 meaningful. Now there are also other ways that you can do this. 0:25:50.440000 --> 0:25:53.980000 So in my particular case, I just issued the show run to start with, and 0:25:53.980000 --> 0:25:57.960000 I scrolled back up and I copied everything, and I put it here into my 0:25:57.960000 --> 0:26:00.260000 text editor. There's also other ways you could do that. 0:26:00.260000 --> 0:26:02.880000 For example, let's go ahead and close this down. 0:26:02.880000 --> 0:26:08.780000 In most terminal emulators, they have a way where you can issue a command 0:26:08.780000 --> 0:26:12.820000 that says, okay, I want you to capture all the output you're about to 0:26:12.820000 --> 0:26:17.200000 see and send it to a file, which we could then automatically put into 0:26:17.200000 --> 0:26:22.180000 a text editor. For example, here in secure CRT, you can click on, I'll 0:26:22.180000 --> 0:26:27.780000 go ahead and zoom in on this a little bit, under transfer, and then receive 0:26:27.780000 --> 0:26:32.920000 ASCII. And that's going to say, well, where do you want to put it? 0:26:32.920000 --> 0:26:39.660000 Okay, I'll put into my documents, and I'll name this R3-config. 0:26:39.660000 --> 0:26:46.140000 Now, as soon as I hit receive, once I do that, at that point, everything 0:26:46.140000 --> 0:26:52.900000 I type will be put into my text file, including show run, which I probably 0:26:52.900000 --> 0:26:54.800000 don't want. So why don't we do this? 0:26:54.800000 --> 0:26:56.460000 Cancel out of that. 0:26:56.460000 --> 0:27:00.340000 Make sure I do term length zero, so I don't have to hit my space bar at 0:27:00.340000 --> 0:27:04.300000 all. Type my show run, but not hit the enter key yet. 0:27:04.300000 --> 0:27:06.120000 Just get it all set up. 0:27:06.120000 --> 0:27:12.440000 And now do transfer, receive ASCII, R3-config, and here we go. 0:27:12.440000 --> 0:27:15.780000 I'm going to hit receive, and now all I have to hit on my keyboard is 0:27:15.780000 --> 0:27:19.860000 enter, and it's capturing all that stuff to a text file. 0:27:19.860000 --> 0:27:25.180000 And now when I'm done, go back to transfer, notice how receive ASCII is 0:27:25.180000 --> 0:27:29.400000 checked, just go ahead and click that again to deselect it, and now receive 0:27:29.400000 --> 0:27:31.400000 ASCII is turned off. 0:27:31.400000 --> 0:27:38.000000 And so now if I go into my documents file, here we go, documents, notice 0:27:38.000000 --> 0:27:44.960000 R3-config. Now notice it's stored as a file type of file. 0:27:44.960000 --> 0:27:49.480000 That's one way you can notice Cisco iOS configuration files, is this is 0:27:49.480000 --> 0:27:51.520000 how they're stored as file. 0:27:51.520000 --> 0:27:52.880000 So there's a couple things we could do. 0:27:52.880000 --> 0:27:54.360000 I could right click on that. 0:27:54.360000 --> 0:27:59.820000 In my case, I would say edit with notepad++, and there it is. 0:27:59.820000 --> 0:28:01.640000 It's right in there. 0:28:01.640000 --> 0:28:05.500000 Or I could also right click on it, and I believe I could rename that to 0:28:05.500000 --> 0:28:11.020000 .txt. Now change it to text document. 0:28:11.020000 --> 0:28:15.120000 So now if I just double click on it, in this case it opens up in notepad, 0:28:15.120000 --> 0:28:19.520000 not notepad++, but notepad is the default text editor in my operating 0:28:19.520000 --> 0:28:23.480000 system. So that's another way that you can save config files. 0:28:23.480000 --> 0:28:26.580000 And using that exact same thing, I could open that up. 0:28:26.580000 --> 0:28:29.440000 Let's make a slight modification to it. 0:28:29.440000 --> 0:28:32.840000 Enable config T. 0:28:32.840000 --> 0:28:35.120000 Alright, let's save that. 0:28:35.120000 --> 0:28:42.800000 File, save. Alright, now let's say I'm back in router 3. 0:28:42.800000 --> 0:28:50.400000 Host name R3. Let's do this. 0:28:50.400000 --> 0:28:53.820000 Config replace flash colon clean dash slate. 0:28:53.820000 --> 0:29:00.360000 I have a config saved in my flash memory, which is called clean dash slate. 0:29:00.360000 --> 0:29:01.920000 That's how I titled it. 0:29:01.920000 --> 0:29:04.280000 And that config basically has nothing on it. 0:29:04.280000 --> 0:29:08.240000 It has no name. It has no IP addresses. 0:29:08.240000 --> 0:29:09.760000 You can see here. 0:29:09.760000 --> 0:29:11.940000 I just changed my config to that. 0:29:11.940000 --> 0:29:13.700000 No IP addresses. 0:29:13.700000 --> 0:29:16.320000 Nothing. So everything's wiped out. 0:29:16.320000 --> 0:29:17.680000 Alright, so here I am. 0:29:17.680000 --> 0:29:20.000000 Now I want to put a config onto this router. 0:29:20.000000 --> 0:29:24.960000 Well, I could open up my text file, select all, copy, and then go back 0:29:24.960000 --> 0:29:27.400000 in here, right click and paste. 0:29:27.400000 --> 0:29:31.420000 Or I could go back to that transfer option again. 0:29:31.420000 --> 0:29:36.140000 Transfer. This time I'm going to be doing send ASCII. 0:29:36.140000 --> 0:29:37.480000 Here's the file. 0:29:37.480000 --> 0:29:39.700000 Select the file. 0:29:39.700000 --> 0:29:43.360000 And now as soon as I hit send, it's going to pull that and dump it right 0:29:43.360000 --> 0:29:45.060000 into this device. 0:29:45.060000 --> 0:29:47.720000 There it is. Let's put it right in. 0:29:47.720000 --> 0:29:53.860000 And that, my friends, is how we use text editors. 0:29:53.860000 --> 0:29:55.640000 So let me make sure I've covered all my bases here. 0:29:55.640000 --> 0:29:57.280000 I've talked about what they are. 0:29:57.280000 --> 0:29:58.660000 How do you get one? 0:29:58.660000 --> 0:30:01.840000 And we've talked about some examples of that. 0:30:01.840000 --> 0:30:05.780000 And let's go back to the first slide, which had the objectives. 0:30:05.780000 --> 0:30:10.040000 Okay, so I talked about how to locate and use terminal emulation. 0:30:10.040000 --> 0:30:12.200000 So now you know where to find it and what they are. 0:30:12.200000 --> 0:30:13.360000 I showed you a text editor. 0:30:13.360000 --> 0:30:14.500000 We use Notepad++. 0:30:14.500000 --> 0:30:17.980000 And I showed you various ways of putting a config file in there, how we 0:30:17.980000 --> 0:30:22.360000 can edit it, how we can take an existing text file and dump it back onto 0:30:22.360000 --> 0:30:23.420000 the router of the switch. 0:30:23.420000 --> 0:30:26.620000 I showed you how to make a physical connection from the laptop to the 0:30:26.620000 --> 0:30:30.360000 console port of a router or switch in the various different settings. 0:30:30.360000 --> 0:30:33.640000 And we looked at how to copy and paste a configuration file from your 0:30:33.640000 --> 0:30:37.020000 laptop or PC to router or switch. 0:30:37.020000 --> 0:30:39.680000 So that concludes this video and I hope you found it useful.