WEBVTT 0:00:02.820000 --> 0:00:04.600000 Hello and welcome to this video. 0:00:04.600000 --> 0:00:08.200000 In this video, I've titled it as Wi -Fi defined in which we're going to 0:00:08.200000 --> 0:00:14.200000 go over a real high level of what is Wi -Fi and how has Wi-Fi been standardized 0:00:14.200000 --> 0:00:18.800000 over time and maybe a high level of how the standards have changed since 0:00:18.800000 --> 0:00:23.400000 Wi-Fi was formally a thing back in 1997. 0:00:23.400000 --> 0:00:29.980000 So let's first of all get into Wi-Fi. 0:00:29.980000 --> 0:00:31.240000 What's really going on here? 0:00:31.240000 --> 0:00:32.520000 And that's what we're going to talk about. 0:00:32.520000 --> 0:00:35.340000 We're also going to talk about Wi-Fi standardization. 0:00:35.340000 --> 0:00:39.000000 So to answer the initial question, what is Wi-Fi? 0:00:39.000000 --> 0:00:43.140000 A lot of people mistakenly think that Wi-Fi is an acronym like wireless 0:00:43.140000 --> 0:00:44.840000 fidelity or something like that. 0:00:44.840000 --> 0:00:48.840000 No, it's not. Wi-Fi is simply a brand name. 0:00:48.840000 --> 0:00:53.560000 Wi-Fi was initially standardized by the IEEE, the Institute of Electrical 0:00:53.560000 --> 0:00:57.040000 and Electronics Engineers a couple of decades ago. 0:00:57.040000 --> 0:00:59.400000 But they didn't call it Wi-Fi back then. 0:00:59.400000 --> 0:01:02.360000 They would just call it wireless or radio frequency. 0:01:02.360000 --> 0:01:07.280000 The actual term of Wi-Fi came a couple of years later when an organization 0:01:07.280000 --> 0:01:10.460000 was founded to promote wireless standards. 0:01:10.460000 --> 0:01:14.680000 That organization was called the Wi-Fi Alliance and they said, let's call 0:01:14.680000 --> 0:01:18.760000 it Wi-Fi. So it's really just a brand name for wireless. 0:01:18.760000 --> 0:01:23.020000 So what exactly is happening when you connect to a Wi-Fi network and you 0:01:23.020000 --> 0:01:24.160000 start transmitting data? 0:01:24.160000 --> 0:01:29.280000 What you're really doing is you are manipulating electromagnetic radiation 0:01:29.280000 --> 0:01:35.500000 to encode data. And that manipulation of that radiation is what we call 0:01:35.500000 --> 0:01:37.480000 radio frequencies. 0:01:37.480000 --> 0:01:39.680000 Now let's take a pause here for a second. 0:01:39.680000 --> 0:01:43.020000 There are, and we'll see this maybe in some other videos, there's lots 0:01:43.020000 --> 0:01:47.240000 of types of electromagnetic radiation. 0:01:47.240000 --> 0:01:50.720000 The sun emits electromagnetic radiation. 0:01:50.720000 --> 0:01:54.520000 X-rays are an example of electromagnetic radiation. 0:01:54.520000 --> 0:01:59.840000 So there's a wide spectrum of the stuff we call electromagnetic radiation, 0:01:59.840000 --> 0:02:03.940000 none of which you can see, feel, or hear, much of which is going through 0:02:03.940000 --> 0:02:07.140000 your body right now and you're not even aware of it. 0:02:07.140000 --> 0:02:09.940000 Wi-Fi does not make use of all of that. 0:02:09.940000 --> 0:02:15.440000 Wi-Fi makes use of tiny little slices portions of electromagnetic radiation. 0:02:15.440000 --> 0:02:20.560000 And we as human beings have discovered through physics ways of manipulating 0:02:20.560000 --> 0:02:26.000000 that energy, changing it, and by changing it we can actually encode data 0:02:26.000000 --> 0:02:29.840000 in it, that if you receive electromagnetic radiation that's sort of moving 0:02:29.840000 --> 0:02:34.180000 in one direction, you can interpret that as a one, a binary one, and if 0:02:34.180000 --> 0:02:38.240000 it's moving or changing in another way, you can interpret that as a binary 0:02:38.240000 --> 0:02:43.680000 zero. So manipulating that electromagnetic radiation is the essence of 0:02:43.680000 --> 0:02:50.260000 what Wi-Fi is. So sometimes you might hear, hopefully you won't hear this 0:02:50.260000 --> 0:02:55.120000 very much, but you might hear in a document or a video someone call Wi 0:02:55.120000 --> 0:03:00.520000 -Fi wireless ethernet, but this is totally wrong for a couple of big reasons. 0:03:00.520000 --> 0:03:03.900000 Number one, it's a totally different framing than ethernet. 0:03:03.900000 --> 0:03:06.520000 So if you know anything about ethernet, if you've studied ethernet, you 0:03:06.520000 --> 0:03:11.040000 know that you've data goes into an ethernet header and an ethernet header 0:03:11.040000 --> 0:03:13.560000 has certain defined fields in it. 0:03:13.560000 --> 0:03:18.160000 Well, that ethernet header is completely different than a Wi-Fi header. 0:03:18.160000 --> 0:03:22.240000 The Wi-Fi header has totally different fields, it has a lot more fields, 0:03:22.240000 --> 0:03:26.000000 it does, it's for a totally different purpose than ethernet is, so we 0:03:26.000000 --> 0:03:31.040000 don't want to call wireless LANs or Wi -Fi wireless ethernet that's wrong. 0:03:31.040000 --> 0:03:35.340000 Also because it's a totally different method for detecting collisions. 0:03:35.340000 --> 0:03:39.520000 When ethernet first came out, the idea behind ethernet was we had a shared 0:03:39.520000 --> 0:03:43.400000 medium, you could have lots of PCs or laptops all connected to one physical 0:03:43.400000 --> 0:03:46.540000 cable, but only one of them could talk at a time. 0:03:46.540000 --> 0:03:50.400000 If two or more devices talk to the same time, that was called a collision. 0:03:50.400000 --> 0:03:52.860000 Now the same thing is true in the world of wireless, in the world of Wi 0:03:52.860000 --> 0:03:57.320000 -Fi. You've got lots of clients, laptops, tablets, smartphones, which might 0:03:57.320000 --> 0:04:02.160000 all be in the same radio frequency, all able to hear each other, but only 0:04:02.160000 --> 0:04:03.880000 one can transmit at a time. 0:04:03.880000 --> 0:04:06.840000 And if more than one transmit said time, that would also be considered 0:04:06.840000 --> 0:04:08.720000 a collision. But here's the difference. 0:04:08.720000 --> 0:04:13.480000 The way that ethernet, wired ethernet detects a collision, and what it 0:04:13.480000 --> 0:04:17.340000 does about that, versus the way that Wi-Fi detects a collision and what 0:04:17.340000 --> 0:04:20.140000 it does about that, totally different. 0:04:20.140000 --> 0:04:24.080000 They don't use the same protocols for doing that at all. 0:04:24.080000 --> 0:04:30.800000 So don't ever call Wi-Fi or wireless LANs, wireless ethernet, or you will 0:04:30.800000 --> 0:04:33.340000 lose your job very quickly. 0:04:33.340000 --> 0:04:38.920000 Okay, so like so many other things, if you create some new networking 0:04:38.920000 --> 0:04:42.400000 thing, you're working your garage or your home one night, you say, you're 0:04:42.400000 --> 0:04:44.340000 reek, I've got this great idea. 0:04:44.340000 --> 0:04:47.320000 And you put it together and it works, you say, you know what, I want the 0:04:47.320000 --> 0:04:48.400000 whole world to know this. 0:04:48.400000 --> 0:04:49.760000 I want the world to be able to use this. 0:04:49.760000 --> 0:04:51.360000 I want this to become standardized. 0:04:51.360000 --> 0:04:55.040000 Well, you could go on to YouTube and create a video and hope that billions 0:04:55.040000 --> 0:04:58.980000 of people will watch it and start using your technology, or more likely, 0:04:58.980000 --> 0:05:03.160000 you could go to some organizations, some standards body, give them your 0:05:03.160000 --> 0:05:07.180000 document, give them your specifications, and then they will tweak it, 0:05:07.180000 --> 0:05:10.240000 they'll talk to other people and see if they can spot any problems in 0:05:10.240000 --> 0:05:12.060000 it, and then they will standardize it. 0:05:12.060000 --> 0:05:14.620000 Same thing is true with Wi-Fi. 0:05:14.620000 --> 0:05:18.200000 So I don't know off the top of my head who originally came up with this 0:05:18.200000 --> 0:05:23.260000 idea of, hey, let's manipulate electromagnetic radiation to encode data. 0:05:23.260000 --> 0:05:27.440000 Somebody came up with that idea, but eventually a bunch of people in the 0:05:27.440000 --> 0:05:32.140000 IEEE got together and they started formalizing Wi-Fi and over the years 0:05:32.140000 --> 0:05:37.160000 they have created standards and updated their standards to make Wi-Fi 0:05:37.160000 --> 0:05:40.720000 better, faster, stronger, and more powerful. 0:05:40.720000 --> 0:05:46.300000 So Wi-Fi standardization was done by the IEEE 802.11 working group. 0:05:46.300000 --> 0:05:49.260000 Now if you know anything about the IEEE, you'll know that when a bunch 0:05:49.260000 --> 0:05:52.240000 of IEEE engineers get together, and these are people who've got regular 0:05:52.240000 --> 0:05:55.760000 day jobs, just like you and me, they just volunteer their own time to 0:05:55.760000 --> 0:05:57.400000 work on these working groups. 0:05:57.400000 --> 0:06:01.600000 So when a working group gets together, they'll have some defined problem 0:06:01.600000 --> 0:06:05.520000 they're trying to solve, and that working group will be given a designation 0:06:05.520000 --> 0:06:08.700000 called a number, called an 802 number. 0:06:08.700000 --> 0:06:14.220000 So 802.11 was actually the ID or designator of these group of volunteer 0:06:14.220000 --> 0:06:18.600000 engineers called a working group that started working on Wi-Fi. 0:06:18.600000 --> 0:06:21.840000 So Wi-Fi is technically called 802.11. 0:06:21.840000 --> 0:06:26.180000 Now you might be saying, well, wait a second, I've heard of 802.11b, 802 0:06:26.180000 --> 0:06:30.220000 .11n, 802.11ac, what's that? 0:06:30.220000 --> 0:06:35.460000 Those are all additions to Wi-Fi, how Wi-Fi has changed and grown over 0:06:35.460000 --> 0:06:37.760000 time, and we'll talk about that in just a moment. 0:06:37.760000 --> 0:06:42.780000 But 802.11 is the name of the overall working group that's defined, that's 0:06:42.780000 --> 0:06:49.180000 tasked with standardizing wireless LANs and wireless principles. 0:06:49.180000 --> 0:06:53.900000 So Wi-Fi standardization is broken down into two subcategories. 0:06:53.900000 --> 0:06:57.380000 So if you were part of the 802.11 group, chances are you used to have 0:06:57.380000 --> 0:06:59.840000 broken off into one of two subgroups. 0:06:59.840000 --> 0:07:03.780000 You might have been tasked with the physical layer, what they call the 0:07:03.780000 --> 0:07:08.420000 phi layer. So this has to do with the actual mechanics, the physics of 0:07:08.420000 --> 0:07:14.540000 how do we manipulate these radio frequencies, this electromagnetic radiation, 0:07:14.540000 --> 0:07:17.520000 is there a way we can do it more efficiently, we can do it faster, is 0:07:17.520000 --> 0:07:20.940000 there a way that we can make a change in code more data in there? 0:07:20.940000 --> 0:07:24.180000 What is a Wi-Fi nitcard actually composed of? 0:07:24.180000 --> 0:07:27.800000 A Wi-Fi transceiver, what are the components there that make it do its 0:07:27.800000 --> 0:07:31.820000 job? So anything at the physical layer, they would handle. 0:07:31.820000 --> 0:07:35.900000 And then of course, there's the Mac layer, the media access control layer. 0:07:35.900000 --> 0:07:40.580000 This deals with questions like, if I want to send some data into my Wi 0:07:40.580000 --> 0:07:43.800000 -Fi network, how do I know when it's my turn to go? 0:07:43.800000 --> 0:07:46.260000 How do I know if a collision has happened? 0:07:46.260000 --> 0:07:49.300000 If a Wi-Fi frame is coming, how do I know it's for me? 0:07:49.300000 --> 0:07:51.720000 How do I know this Wi-Fi network is still even there? 0:07:51.720000 --> 0:07:54.120000 It's not like it's a cable, I can feel and touch. 0:07:54.120000 --> 0:07:56.480000 How do I know if it hasn't just gone away? 0:07:56.480000 --> 0:07:59.560000 And the radio frequencies are no longer available to me. 0:07:59.560000 --> 0:08:02.760000 So the Mac sublayer would answer questions like that. 0:08:02.760000 --> 0:08:07.440000 Now like I mentioned, you're probably familiar with things like 802.11b 0:08:07.440000 --> 0:08:14.620000 or 802.11ac. These all represent amendments to the original Wi-Fi standard. 0:08:14.620000 --> 0:08:20.820000 So the 802.11 workgroup, the original workgroup got together in 1997. 0:08:20.820000 --> 0:08:25.920000 This is when Wi-Fi first became publicly available. 0:08:25.920000 --> 0:08:31.620000 Then two years later, 802 .11b in 1999 came out. 0:08:31.620000 --> 0:08:35.080000 So this was really the first flavor of Wi-Fi that started gaining traction 0:08:35.080000 --> 0:08:39.000000 and that became popular was 802.11b. 0:08:39.000000 --> 0:08:44.620000 And subsequently, many other amendments or clauses have come out. 0:08:44.620000 --> 0:08:48.940000 For example, 802.11n was very popular back in 2009. 0:08:48.940000 --> 0:08:51.620000 A lot of people have been waiting for that for many years for that to 0:08:51.620000 --> 0:08:56.180000 come out. So here is a chart. 0:08:56.180000 --> 0:08:58.960000 Just giving you an overview of the original. 0:08:58.960000 --> 0:09:03.740000 You can see there at the top 802.11 back in 1997. 0:09:03.740000 --> 0:09:05.380000 Originally was 2 megabits per second. 0:09:05.380000 --> 0:09:10.760000 And the radio frequency it operated on was the 2.4 gigahertz frequency. 0:09:10.760000 --> 0:09:16.780000 Then you can see subsequently that Wi -Fi started getting faster and faster 0:09:16.780000 --> 0:09:22.740000 and faster. So two years later in 1999, two different workgroups got together 0:09:22.740000 --> 0:09:26.520000 under the main umbrella of the 802.11 workgroup. 0:09:26.520000 --> 0:09:32.900000 We had the 802.11a working group and the 802.11b working group. 0:09:32.900000 --> 0:09:37.320000 They both at the same time in 1999 came out with their own standards. 0:09:37.320000 --> 0:09:40.120000 802.11a said, hey, we've upgraded Wi-Fi. 0:09:40.120000 --> 0:09:43.160000 I can now operate at 54 megabits per second. 0:09:43.160000 --> 0:09:46.780000 The 802.11b said, hey, we've got something now that has gone from 2 up 0:09:46.780000 --> 0:09:48.680000 to 11 megabits per second. 0:09:48.680000 --> 0:09:51.940000 Now I might be thinking just by looking at that, wow, OK, well they both 0:09:51.940000 --> 0:09:53.340000 came out at the same year. 0:09:53.340000 --> 0:09:58.380000 So clearly everybody must have jumped on the .11a bandwagon, right? 0:09:58.380000 --> 0:09:59.260000 Because that was much faster. 0:09:59.260000 --> 0:10:04.300000 In reality, 802.11a never really gained much traction. 0:10:04.300000 --> 0:10:09.340000 You know, back in 1999, there was a real big distinct difference between 0:10:09.340000 --> 0:10:15.160000 the cost of creating a radio that would operate at 2.4 gigahertz per second 0:10:15.160000 --> 0:10:18.420000 versus a radio that operated at 5 gigahertz. 0:10:18.420000 --> 0:10:23.340000 A 5 gigahertz radio was actually very expensive to produce and to sell 0:10:23.340000 --> 0:10:24.720000 and to purchase. 0:10:24.720000 --> 0:10:28.840000 And so for that reason, 802.11a never really caught much traction. 0:10:28.840000 --> 0:10:30.340000 It was too expensive to buy. 0:10:30.340000 --> 0:10:33.840000 People thought, oh, 11 megabits per second, that's good enough. 0:10:33.840000 --> 0:10:38.520000 And so 802.11b really became the predominant standard back then. 0:10:38.520000 --> 0:10:44.720000 Then you can see it took another four years for 802.11 to have another 0:10:44.720000 --> 0:10:45.960000 clause or amendment. 0:10:45.960000 --> 0:10:49.520000 By the way, it says clause here in the upper left column. 0:10:49.520000 --> 0:10:52.600000 That term clause, you can see it different ways. 0:10:52.600000 --> 0:10:58.180000 Sometimes it'll be called amendments. 0:10:58.180000 --> 0:11:02.460000 Amendment, if I can spell here, or clause. 0:11:02.460000 --> 0:11:03.860000 It means exactly the same thing. 0:11:03.860000 --> 0:11:10.780000 It just means an addition or a change to the original or base 802.11. 0:11:10.780000 --> 0:11:14.180000 So what you would see over time, if you actually go to Wikipedia or something, 0:11:14.180000 --> 0:11:17.280000 you'll see there's a lot more than just these right here. 0:11:17.280000 --> 0:11:22.360000 But what you would see is, for example, in 1997, Wi-Fi first comes out, 0:11:22.360000 --> 0:11:25.000000 there's some clauses or amendments to it. 0:11:25.000000 --> 0:11:27.640000 And then a little bit later, it's not in this chart, but you would see 0:11:27.640000 --> 0:11:33.780000 802.11 again. I think that was, I don't know off the top of my head. 0:11:33.780000 --> 0:11:35.920000 It might have been 2004 or something like that. 0:11:35.920000 --> 0:11:42.040000 But basically, if you see 802.11 again with some other date on it, I'm 0:11:42.040000 --> 0:11:44.520000 just going to make this up because I don't know it off the top of my head. 0:11:44.520000 --> 0:11:49.380000 That means that all the clauses before it are rolled into it. 0:11:49.380000 --> 0:11:55.800000 So I believe the last time that 802.11 was fully, we would say, upgraded, 0:11:55.800000 --> 0:12:03.680000 was in 2016. So all the clauses and amendments, well, this one wouldn't 0:12:03.680000 --> 0:12:06.620000 count right here, but all the clauses and amendments that were previous 0:12:06.620000 --> 0:12:13.240000 to 2016 are now rolled into the 802.11 2016 version. 0:12:13.240000 --> 0:12:17.900000 But the main takeaway I want you to see from this slide is that each of 0:12:17.900000 --> 0:12:24.840000 these letters represents an update or an enhancement to 802.11. 0:12:24.840000 --> 0:12:28.280000 Typically, those enhancements have something to do with the file layer, 0:12:28.280000 --> 0:12:33.280000 like increasing speed, increasing the complexity of how it uses radio 0:12:33.280000 --> 0:12:37.480000 frequencies. And sometimes these enhancements also include enhancements 0:12:37.480000 --> 0:12:43.700000 to the Mac sublayer about how it accesses the data and other things like 0:12:43.700000 --> 0:12:49.560000 that. But notice that pretty much all these frequencies have always been 0:12:49.560000 --> 0:12:50.760000 in one of two places. 0:12:50.760000 --> 0:12:55.360000 They have either operated in the 2 .4 gigahertz spectrum, or they have 0:12:55.360000 --> 0:12:58.620000 operated in the 5 gigahertz spectrum. 0:12:58.620000 --> 0:13:02.960000 And a little preview I'll give you of that right now is that the larger 0:13:02.960000 --> 0:13:08.120000 this number is, the bigger it is, the faster Wi-Fi can go. 0:13:08.120000 --> 0:13:11.780000 So typically if something can go, for example, A X right here, which is 0:13:11.780000 --> 0:13:16.120000 supposed to come out in January of 2020, you can see that's expected to 0:13:16.120000 --> 0:13:19.500000 operate under both 2.4 and 5. 0:13:19.500000 --> 0:13:23.080000 Well, when you see that something is like that, if you manage to get it 0:13:23.080000 --> 0:13:27.680000 operating under 5 gigahertz, you'll actually get faster speed than if 0:13:27.680000 --> 0:13:30.940000 you're getting it under 2.4 gigahertz. 0:13:30.940000 --> 0:13:35.320000 The other thing I want to point out here is the maximum theoretical data 0:13:35.320000 --> 0:13:45.940000 rate. Now with Wi-Fi, the engineers can change the electromagnetic radiation, 0:13:45.940000 --> 0:13:48.240000 the radio frequencies to encode data. 0:13:48.240000 --> 0:13:52.160000 They can get more complex by adding more radios, more antennas, things 0:13:52.160000 --> 0:13:54.340000 like that to get it go faster. 0:13:54.340000 --> 0:13:58.580000 And as it says here, this is the maximum theoretical data rate. 0:13:58.580000 --> 0:14:03.880000 In reality, you never get that maximum rate when you're connecting. 0:14:03.880000 --> 0:14:10.740000 So if my laptop or tablet or smartphone is, let's say, doing 802.11n. 0:14:10.740000 --> 0:14:13.840000 And let's say I'm doing it over the 5 gigahertz spectrum. 0:14:13.840000 --> 0:14:16.580000 You might think, oh, okay, well, then I should be able to get the maximum 0:14:16.580000 --> 0:14:18.840000 rate of 600 megabits per second. 0:14:18.840000 --> 0:14:23.500000 No, you won't. There are a wide variety of reasons why you won't get that. 0:14:23.500000 --> 0:14:28.400000 For example, I mentioned that Wi-Fi, just like wired Ethernet, is a shared 0:14:28.400000 --> 0:14:33.480000 medium, that all the people are in the same radio frequency space, and 0:14:33.480000 --> 0:14:35.080000 we're all contending for it. 0:14:35.080000 --> 0:14:37.300000 We can't all talk at the same time. 0:14:37.300000 --> 0:14:42.020000 Typically speaking, only one person can transmit via the Wi-Fi one at 0:14:42.020000 --> 0:14:46.180000 a time. So the more people you have contending for that bandwidth, the 0:14:46.180000 --> 0:14:48.640000 slower your Wi-Fi is going to get. 0:14:48.640000 --> 0:14:51.820000 That's one thing, just one thing that will prevent you from getting this 0:14:51.820000 --> 0:14:53.500000 maximum theoretical speed. 0:14:53.500000 --> 0:14:55.500000 Now, let's say that you were the only person around. 0:14:55.500000 --> 0:14:58.380000 Let's say that you were alone in a building. 0:14:58.380000 --> 0:15:02.580000 You're the only person connected to the Wi-Fi via 802.11n. 0:15:02.580000 --> 0:15:05.160000 Wouldn't you then get 600 megabits per second? 0:15:05.160000 --> 0:15:06.200000 No, you wouldn't. 0:15:06.200000 --> 0:15:08.200000 There's also a lot of environmental factors. 0:15:08.200000 --> 0:15:11.940000 Things completely beyond your control, like the composition of the walls 0:15:11.940000 --> 0:15:15.540000 around you. How much humidity is in the air? 0:15:15.540000 --> 0:15:18.580000 How much furniture and the metal content of that furniture around you. 0:15:18.580000 --> 0:15:22.260000 There's a lot of things that you never even think of that will affect 0:15:22.260000 --> 0:15:26.660000 your radio frequency and prevent you from getting this maximum theoretical 0:15:26.660000 --> 0:15:34.000000 data rate. So although you can't get that maximum rate, you can see from 0:15:34.000000 --> 0:15:38.000000 this chart how Wi-Fi is definitely getting faster and faster and faster 0:15:38.000000 --> 0:15:40.680000 as time goes on. 0:15:40.680000 --> 0:15:44.980000 Last thing I want to point out is that as of the time of this recording, 0:15:44.980000 --> 0:15:51.140000 the most recent and hyped up versions of Wi-Fi is 802.11ac. 0:15:51.140000 --> 0:15:54.620000 That's currently the fastest Wi-Fi you can get right now, which has a 0:15:54.620000 --> 0:15:59.200000 maximum theoretical data rate of 7 gigabits per second. 0:15:59.200000 --> 0:16:03.780000 So that came out about six years ago in 2013. 0:16:03.780000 --> 0:16:09.800000 So the Wi-Fi alliance, this business group that was designed to promote 0:16:09.800000 --> 0:16:15.500000 Wi-Fi and get more Wi-Fi. 0:16:15.500000 --> 0:16:21.580000 So if you ever hear of Wi-Fi 5, that's the exact same thing as 802.11ac. 0:16:21.580000 --> 0:16:25.700000 And then hopefully early next year, as of the time of this recording, 0:16:25.700000 --> 0:16:31.980000 and we're going to come out with Wi-Fi 6, which is 802.11ax. 0:16:31.980000 --> 0:16:35.400000 Now the last thing I want to mention here before I close out this video, 0:16:35.400000 --> 0:16:40.100000 you might be saying, but wait a second, Keith, I right now, here I am 0:16:40.100000 --> 0:16:47.360000 in 2019, I've got an 802.11ax device that I purchased from Cisco or Morocco 0:16:47.360000 --> 0:16:51.780000 or whatever. How is it that you're telling me it hasn't even been standardized 0:16:51.780000 --> 0:16:53.520000 or formalized yet? 0:16:53.520000 --> 0:16:56.800000 And yet I've got devices supposedly is running that protocol. 0:16:56.800000 --> 0:16:58.740000 Well, here's the thing. 0:16:58.740000 --> 0:17:04.400000 As these working groups with the IEEE are working on these clauses like 0:17:04.400000 --> 0:17:08.080000 AC, AX, whatever, it's very public. 0:17:08.080000 --> 0:17:10.940000 Every once in a while, they'll put out a draft of what they're working 0:17:10.940000 --> 0:17:13.280000 on. This is where we think it is right now. 0:17:13.280000 --> 0:17:15.120000 Right now, this is what we've come up with. 0:17:15.120000 --> 0:17:17.640000 This is the way we think, let's just say AX. 0:17:17.640000 --> 0:17:20.040000 This is how we think AX is going to play out. 0:17:20.040000 --> 0:17:23.420000 This is how we believe AX is going to use radio waves and everything else 0:17:23.420000 --> 0:17:24.800000 to get these speeds. 0:17:24.800000 --> 0:17:25.920000 So we're not done yet. 0:17:25.920000 --> 0:17:26.920000 We're not finished. 0:17:26.920000 --> 0:17:29.040000 It's still in draft status. 0:17:29.040000 --> 0:17:32.180000 Well, a lot of times a lot of vendors like Cisco and Morocco and Ruckus 0:17:32.180000 --> 0:17:36.500000 and others will take that draft and they'll say, you know what, we don't 0:17:36.500000 --> 0:17:39.600000 want to wait until it's formalized because it might be another year or 0:17:39.600000 --> 0:17:43.340000 two or three before AX is finally finished. 0:17:43.340000 --> 0:17:49.340000 So they will create products based on a draft status of a particular standard. 0:17:49.340000 --> 0:17:53.800000 So if you have an AX device right now, your device is operating based 0:17:53.800000 --> 0:17:58.380000 on the principles of whatever the draft was that the engineers were looking 0:17:58.380000 --> 0:18:00.200000 at when they create that device. 0:18:00.200000 --> 0:18:02.860000 So there's some pros and cons to that. 0:18:02.860000 --> 0:18:07.440000 Number one, yes, your AX device that you have right now is probably faster 0:18:07.440000 --> 0:18:11.220000 than your neighbor's 802.11n device. 0:18:11.220000 --> 0:18:13.580000 That's true. That's a pro. 0:18:13.580000 --> 0:18:17.760000 The con is, a lot of times what will happen is when the standard or the 0:18:17.760000 --> 0:18:21.240000 clause, I should say, is finished and they'll say, we're done. 0:18:21.240000 --> 0:18:22.980000 We're putting our seal of approval on this. 0:18:22.980000 --> 0:18:24.860000 We're done working on this. 0:18:24.860000 --> 0:18:29.400000 There may be some changes or tweaks in there that are different from the 0:18:29.400000 --> 0:18:32.800000 draft that your product was built upon. 0:18:32.800000 --> 0:18:36.440000 So now if you're in the marketplace and you see one vendor's device that 0:18:36.440000 --> 0:18:43.480000 is 802.11ax, let's say fully compliant with the finalized version and 0:18:43.480000 --> 0:18:47.120000 another vendor's device that is 802 .ax, but that was built based on the 0:18:47.120000 --> 0:18:48.660000 draft principles. 0:18:48.660000 --> 0:18:50.260000 They might not work together. 0:18:50.260000 --> 0:18:56.080000 They might not or PC or notebook or something. 0:18:56.080000 --> 0:19:00.960000 Can't get on the Wi-Fi because the device you're talking to is not built 0:19:00.960000 --> 0:19:04.480000 with the same draft or finalized status as the device that you're on right 0:19:04.480000 --> 0:19:08.760000 now. So with business, it's always time to market. 0:19:08.760000 --> 0:19:11.640000 Get those products out there, get the lace and grace things out there 0:19:11.640000 --> 0:19:14.560000 to the clients as soon as possible so we can make money. 0:19:14.560000 --> 0:19:16.700000 So speed, time is of the essence. 0:19:16.700000 --> 0:19:20.400000 But just be aware that if you purchase a Wi-Fi product that is using the 0:19:20.400000 --> 0:19:25.200000 latest and greatest Wi-Fi, it's possible that what you're getting is something 0:19:25.200000 --> 0:19:29.100000 that was built around the draft status of one of these clauses or amendments 0:19:29.100000 --> 0:19:33.220000 that was not built upon the final standardized version. 0:19:33.220000 --> 0:19:36.000000 And you might have some interoperability problems you have to deal with 0:19:36.000000 --> 0:19:38.920000 later on in the future. 0:19:38.920000 --> 0:19:43.480000 So that, my friends, concludes what we're talking about right here. 0:19:43.480000 --> 0:19:46.020000 And thank you so much for watching this video.